Do you believe that Macbeth is a complete villain Essay

Macbeth is a play, which was written by William Shakespeare, and first published in 1623 (during the reign of King James I of England). Macbeth was a hero and also a loyal subject and friend of the King, Duncan. He gave no quarter on the battlefield, due to his brutal courage, e.g. Macbeth â€Å"unseamed† a Norwegian â€Å"from the nave to the chaps† and â€Å"fixed his head† onto the Scottish battlements, during the battle at the beginning of the play. This proved his patriotism for his country, and his respect for the King. By fighting for his country, Scotland, he achieved in return the respect that he deserved from the King. Macbeth was plagued with conflicting qualities; for example, one was the humane and courteous way he treated his wife, i.e. Macbeth referred to his wife (in his letter to her – in Act 1, Scene 5) as â€Å"my dearest partner of greatness†. Also in this scene, he addressed her as â€Å"My dearest love†. On the other hand, this did not prevent him from acting in the opposite way in battle as a cruel warrior. Once the witches had prophesised that Macbeth would be king â€Å"hereafter† (Act 1, Scene 3), Macbeth seemed to have been drawn in by this advance information i.e. he started, and seemed â€Å"to fear†. This reaction indicates that he was a very gullible being, who tended to believe what was said. Then again, if one were informed that one was to be king, then one might believe it, as it is a desirable privilege. This represents honest ambition, at this stage, without seeming to involve any nefarious actions on Macbeth’s part. Also, the mental images that would come into one’s mind could heighten one’s level of gullibility and boost one’s self-esteem. This scene also tells us, as readers, that Banquo, on the other hand, is not so easily convinced, and to us, this demonstrates a stronger character. Banquo obviously doubted the witches’ predictions, as he questioned Macbeth’s response by asking, â€Å"why do you start, and seem t o fear†. Another important part of the story, which points out a particular frailty of Macbeth’s, occurs later on in Act 1, Scene 3, when Macbeth lied to Banquo. He pretended to Banquo that his â€Å"dull brain was wrought† to divert Banquo’s thoughts about him, by being devious – as one might expect from a villain – so that Banquo would no longer believe that Macbeth trusted the witches’ predictions. Even after finding that the first prediction of the witches was true, Banquo warned him, basically, that even if the witches told him some little truth, later they would deceive him. Another example of Macbeth’s deceit against Banquo comes in Act 2, Scene 1, when Macbeth denied that any thoughts of the witches were in his mind: â€Å"I think not of them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In the next scene (Act 1, Scene 4), irony and duplicity emerge. This happens because Shakespeare emphasised Duncan’s respect for Macbeth, with Duncan saying such things as â€Å"worthiest† whilst addressing Macbeth. However, as Macbeth later on in the story kills Duncan, this belies his true political intention of power seeking, and perhaps not solely of his own volition, but driven by his wife’s ambitious self-interest. Macbeth does not seem to be a villain, but rather a considerate man who actually has redeeming qualities. When he arrived home a few days after the battle, he advised his wife, Lady Macbeth, of the King’s arrangements to sleep at their castle that night. Shakespeare revealed her to be a ruthless schemer, who cared about nobody when it came to power. This is proved when she decided that they had to kill Duncan, to fulfil the witches’ prophecies. Later on (in Act 1, Scene 7), Macbeth is seen in the soliloquy, expressing his doubts to the reader. As readers, we see his good side when he’s explaining that he’s not a vagabond, by expressing his hesitancy to kill Duncan. One of his comments is, â€Å"First, I am his kinsman and his subject†¦then, as his host†¦Ã¢â‚¬  What Macbeth is actually saying here is that he is a trusted member of Duncan’s kin and army, and also that Duncan is a guest protected by the law of hospitality. This would make t he murder even more unholy, as it’s a form of criminal intent against the unsuspecting king prior to the deed. So here Macbeth is seen actively contemplating murder, on the one hand, while on the other, his conscience tries to inhibit the act. Herein afterwards in this scene, Lady Macbeth uses her persuasive and guileful tactics on Macbeth to change his mind, and agree to go ahead with the murder. Her methods are simple and psychological, since they criticise Macbeth’s manhood. She manages to ridicule his conscience under her scornful attack by using phrases such as â€Å"Was the hope drunk?† and â€Å"Art thou afeard†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Thus, by so doing, she labels him a coward, and coerces him into changing his mind under her pursuing peer pressure and her curses. She then makes things even worse, by threatening to commit the act herself! Now this, to Macbeth – a man – really taunts him into an agreement against his better judgement. In such a fashion, women succeed. After Macbeth murdered Duncan, he went downstairs and started talking to Lady Macbeth. He told her how he regretted his evil deed. He was a man of action, but was confused when he lost his sense of right and wrong. He carried on with the murder, but displayed guilt, remorse and fearful superstition afterwards. An example of his guilt came after he killed Duncan (in Act 2, Scene 2), whilst he was informing Lady Macbeth of his doings and what he heard from Malcolm and Donalbain’s room, next door. He told her what they said during their sleep. His guilt was then admitted: â€Å"But wherefore could not I pronounce ‘Amen’? I had most need of blessing, and ‘Amen’ stuck in my throat.† Evidence that he was full of remorse, came right at the end of Act 2, Scene 2, â€Å"Wake Duncan with thy knocking: I would thou couldst!† This sentence clearly indicated his regretful state of mind, and the quote supports the fact that Macbeth did have some redeeming qualities of conscience. He even has a trace of fearful superstition in his head, as he † heard a voice cry, ‘Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep,’ – the innocent sleep.† These mental images inside his own mind blatantly reflect that he is aware and stricken by them. Therefore, he is still able to discern between good and evil even after the foul deed has been accomplished. When Macbeth kills the two servant guards â€Å"in anger†, he is seen to extend his evil deed and perhaps this can be considered as the point where he has become the â€Å"complete villain†. In spite of a nagging conscience in killing Duncan, he had to continue his evil ways to silence the two innocent guards: â€Å"O, yet I do repent me of my fury, that I did kill them.† Here is a further example of his commitment to evil in spite of conscience and so, his tendency towards malfeasance does not abate. In addition to this unfolding character change, he also deceives all others, including Duncan’s two sons. He deceitfully assumes the role of the angry Thane, driven to lash out at the two guards, who, on the face of it, had killed the king. Once more, he shows duplicity in ‘confessing’ another lie, â€Å"Who can be wise, amazed, temperate and furious, loyal and neutral, in a moment? No man: the expedition of my violent love outran the pauser reason.† So, his conscience is now being overtaken by his evil actions and reflects his weakness in becoming a pawn by acting out the will of his accomplice, Lady Macbeth, and exposes a diminishing personal integrity to the reader. This change in Macbeth develops and is reflected in his fore-planning soliloquy in Act 3, Scene 1, while awaiting the two murderers to enter. He exposes his own discontent, even after becoming King. Fearing Banquo and his son’s succession, any refraining influence of conscience is now deliberately put aside, â€Å"To be thus is nothing†¦our fears in Banquo stick deep†¦to make them kings, the seed of Banquo kings! Rather than so, come, fate, into the list, and champion me to the utterance!† By the end of this scene, Macbeth’s complete change of character is painfully evident, showing his complete absence of concern. At this stage, gone are any troubled thoughts so evident when either considering or enacting Duncan’s demise. Instead, an evil commitment is observed in his cruel remark as Act 3, Scene 1 closes: â€Å"It is concluded: Banquo, thy soul’s flight, if it find heaven, must find it out tonight.† Macbeth’s mind, irrespective of conscience, is now refocused on action – to rid himself of his last nagging fear of Banquo’s lineage superseding his own. It can be argued that from this point, Macbeth has indeed ‘crossed the Rubicon’. He was totally committed to whatever evil deeds the future might hold. He demonstrates this change of mind when replying to his wife’s exhortation in Act 3, Scene 2, â€Å"what’s done is done.† Also, his attitude and mental state is highlighted as he says: â€Å"But let the frame of things disjoint, both the worlds suffer, ere we will eat our meal in fear, and sleep in the affliction of these terrible dreams that shake us nightly.† Again, at the end of this scene, when Macbeth has planned Banquo’s murder, he keeps his wife in the dark about this: â€Å"So, pr’ythee, go with me.† During the banquet, in Act 3, Scene 4, Macbeth is advised of Banquo’s death and Fleance’s escape. This unsettles Macbeth. He feels trapped, â€Å"but now I am cabined, cribbed, confined, bound in to saucy doubts and fears.† Yet he successfully puts on a face for his guests, until Banquo’s ghost appears. Consternation rules and suspicion reigns. Macbeth’s superstitious fear and guilt return, yet his courage does not fail him when the apparition appears: â€Å"Thou canst not say I did it. Never shake thy gory locks at me.† Also When Lady Macbeth asked him, â€Å"Are you a man?†, Macbeth replies, â€Å"Ay, and a bold one, that dare look on that which might appal the devil.† The appearance of Banquo’s ghost sitting in Macbeth’s place signifies that Banquo’s descendants would replace Macbeth’s. Macbeth decides his delusions are a beginner’s fear and lack of experience: â€Å"My strange and self-abu se is the initiate fear, that wants hard use: we are yet but young in deed.† In doing so, he ignores the horrific effect of his outrageous crimes in his country, and reveals the depth of his treason and treachery. It comes as no surprise to discover that Macbeth has a covert intelligence network, â€Å"There’s not a one of them, but in his house I keep a servant fee’d.† So Macbeth’s deviousness and villainous activity persists to support his grip on power over Scotland. Therefore, Macduff, in joining Duncan’s son Malcolm in England, realises only force of arms will recover the situation, since: â€Å"Each new morn, new widows howl, new orphans cry, new sorrows strike heaven on the face, that it resounds as if it felt with Scotland, and yelled out like syllable of dolour.† When Macbeth went to consult the Witches after the Coronation feast, it was because he again followed his own evil self-interest: â€Å"More shall they speak; for now I am bent to know, by the worst means, the worst. For mine own good all causes shall give way†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This pursuit of self is matched by their own evil intention, to ‘Set him up’; â€Å"As, by the strength of their illusion, shall draw him on to his confusion. He shall spurn fate†¦and you all know, security is mortals’ chiefest enemy.† Upon meeting the witches again, Macbeth’s chagrined reaction to the apparitions of the eight Kings – with Banquo’s ghost following – is to curse the event and experience a resurrected fear; † Let this pernicious hour stand aye accursed in the calendar!†, and â€Å"†¦damned all those that trust them!† After this, Macbeth decides to act independently by matching thought to action, and eliminating Macduff’s lands and family. â€Å"This deed I’ll do before this purpose cool†. By doing so, Macbeth has now sunk to his lowest ebb in cowardly treachery against innocent victims. His motive is to punish Macduff for defying him, and lure him back to Scotland as a result of Macduff’s anger. There, Macduff would clearly be in his grasp. Macbeth would then be able to kill him. However, if one compares Macbeth’s despicable characteristics as a king only one quality emerges where it can be safely said he is comparable. This is his courage. In spite of his villainy, his physical courage in facing unpalatable situations of all kinds is never in question. Alas, who would connect him with the qualities that Malcolm (in Act 4, Scene 3) enumerates? – â€Å"†¦justice, verity, temperance, stableness, Bounty, Perseverance, mercy, lowliness, devotion, patience, courage, fortitude†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Macbeth came to realise his own corrupt ways when he faces Macduff on the battlefield, â€Å"Of all men else have I avoided thee: But get thee back, my soul is too much charged with blood of thine already.† Macbeth reacts with Lady Macbeth’s death Stoically but without any true compassion. â€Å"She should have died hereafter†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Towards the end of the play, Macbeth has come to accept his defeat, yet on a personal level he still superstitiously clings to the three hags words, that no man born of woman can harm him, â€Å"I bear a charmed life.† Even after Macduff quotes the details of his caesarean birth, Macbeth is still courageously defiant: † I will not yield†¦and damned be him that first cries ‘Hold, enough’.† Macduff calls to Macbeth, â€Å"yield ye, coward,† and â€Å"We’ll have thee, as our rarer monsters are, painted upon a pole, and underwrit, ‘Here may you see the tyrant’.† Here even Macduff labels Macbeth as a complete and utter ‘tyrant’! In the end, Macbeth’s only virtuous quality proved to be his courage and it was this undaunted approach to all danger in life, which somehow endeared him in death, in spite of his evil ways, as a black hero. However, his gradual change, after showing this virtue at the start of the play, does point to the truth of the adage, â€Å"power tends to corrupt and absolute power tends to corrupt absolutely†. How many of us can discern the shadow of Macbeth in our own lives? Thomas Way 10:C – Macbeth – English GCSE Coursework

Analysis on Olin Corporation

Olin differentiates itself from competitors by focusing the merchant market. Sales and growth This is a cyclical industry. This cyclical arises because supply is limited by the physical capacity of manufacturing facilities and ability to sell the co-product. Given these are commodity products, prices are very responsive to changes in supply and demand. Timing capacity growth with the cycle leads to a growth in sales. Demand for end-products ultimately drives demand for Color Alkali. The energy advantage North America has by using natural gas instead of crude oil has grown exports of end-products.Customers Most of sales are to the merchant market. The company is able to capture a greater hare of the merchant chlorine market than its overall share of the market capacity because it focuses on the merchant market instead of using the products in downstream production. Costs and Suppliers Almost 50% of production costs is raw materials. The two major needs are electricity and salt. Electr icity comes from coal, hydroelectric, natural gas and nuclear power. Regulatory Olin must comply with legislation regarding the environment, such as air, water and land quality, which requires capital expenditures and increases operation costs.The company has programs in place to minimize waste and prevent pollution. Legislation as passed in October 2009 surrounding the use of mercury cell technology, but expired without enactment. This would have increased the costs of operating mercury cell capacity, of which Olin has one facility. Since it is uncertain whether something similar will happen in the future, Olin chose to convert its mercury cell capacity now, that lead to a restructuring charge incurred in 2010. Winchester Olin has held Winchester for 80 years. Winchester is â€Å"the premier developer and manufacturer of small caliber ammunition†.Production is located in East Alton, IL, but new plans were announced in 2010 to move this operation to Oxford, MS. This would be the most modern production facility in North America and reduce operating costs by $30 million. Competitive environment The ammunition industry creates branded consumer products. Factors contributing to product differentiation include performance, product innovation and brand recognition. Among competitors, Wellness's NAS Eden addle to leverage I TTS Drain name, making it one of the three largest commercial ammunition manufactures in the United States, along with Lillian Tachometers and Remington Arms Company.Sales and growth Winchester has been able to drive sales by being a retail brand of choice and an industry innovator. Recently, the company has developed reduced-lead and non-lead products. Sales are seasonal with an increase in sales during the fall hunting season. Several five-year contracts provide stability in future sales going forward. Currently, Winchester does have a backlog of $178. 1 million which is down from the previous year. Customers Customers include retailers, law enforcement agencies, and militaries.Winchester has developed strong relationships with industrial customers, mass merchants, wholesalers and specialty sporting goods retailers. The company also holds several entrants with the U. S. Government, accounting for 5% of sales in 2010. Costs and Suppliers The raw materials needed include copper, ammunition cartridge case cups, and lead, purchased from vendors at the market price plus a conversion charge. Propellant, the other raw material needed, is purchased mostly from one large U. S. Supplier. Management and Ownership Management has a strong understanding of long-term value creation.Olin uses a discounted cash flow model to value the company's goodwill and reviews their assumptions annually and/or when assumptions are changed by circumstances. Olin sees several compensation methods that help align management's interest with shareholders'. A table outlining compensation can be found on page 29 of the appendix. Institutions account f or 80% of the common stock while insiders hold less than 1%. Olin common stock, traded on New York Stock Exchange, has 80. 2 million shares outstanding with an estimated float of 79. 5 million.

Succubus Revealed Chapter 8

It was hard to believe that in only a couple of days I'd gone from doubting my transfer was real to suddenly signing on to be in a Las Vegas stage production. Things happened so fast that it was easy to get swept along, and Bastien and Phoebe's gleeful encouragement just made things happen that much more quickly. Shape-shifting took care of my clothing problem, and Bastien soon left us, allegedly to go get a drink and try his hand at the blackjack table. Once he left the theatre, though, Phoebe leaned over to me conspiratorially and whispered, â€Å"Here's a wager for you. How much do you want to bet he comes back with a glow?† I laughed and whispered back, â€Å"I won't take that bet. Are you sure you haven't worked with him before?† Admittedly, an incubus looking to get laid wasn't that far of a stretch, but I liked how adeptly Phoebe was able to pick up on my old friend's personality quirks. â€Å"Nah,† she said with a smile. â€Å"I've just known his type.† Other dancers began trickling in. Phoebe introduced us as they arrived, and most were friendly and excited to have someone new in the group. They weren't yet at their full number needed for the show, so everyone was anxious for that to happen. I brought them one step closer, though it surprised me they were still short. From my experiences, there were always groups of girls lined up to try to make it in show business. Phoebe confirmed as much. â€Å"Oh, yeah, tons have tried out. And you should have seen them at the beginning, when they first did the open casting. Matthias is just really selective, that's all. Cornelia – the head choreographer – is just as bad.† â€Å"And yet he took me on a five-minute audition,† I pointed out. Phoebe grinned. â€Å"Sweetie, he just knows talent when he sees it. Besides, he's in charge of this gig. If he says you're in, you're in.† Matthias wasn't the only one running the show, of course. Along with the dancers came other management and staff, like the aforementioned Cornelia. Everyone had a part to play. The rehearsal was fast-paced and aggressive – but also lots of fun. Phoebe hadn't been joking. The other dancers were good – really good. It had been a very long time since I'd danced with any sort of group, even longer since I was with one of such caliber. I was used to being the standout at anything dance related, and it was a surprise – a good one – to find myself surrounded by so many equals. I had to work to keep up with them on the first day, and even if I didn't walk out as an instant star, I left confident that I'd held my own. Before I could go, one of the show's costumers asked to take my measurements backstage. Phoebe told me she'd go hunt down Bastien and meet me at the casino's central bar. The seamstress appeared with her tape measure, and I made a mental note of my height for future shape-shifting. Matthias came by, carrying his notes, and paused when he saw us. â€Å"You did really well today,† he told me. â€Å"It's like you've been with us from the first day.† â€Å"Hardly,† I said. â€Å"I've still got a lot to learn. Especially in the fourth song. The steps are deceptively simple . . . but there's a certain attitude you've got to hold to pull them off. No, maybe not attitude. Grace? Vibe? I can't explain it, but the simplicity's what makes it so genius. It seems like such a basic pattern, but how it's executed is what truly brings out the beauty.† I was thinking aloud, just sort of rambling, and realized that I sounded kind of ridiculous. â€Å"Sorry. That probably doesn't make any sense.† â€Å"No, no.† Matthias stared at me wonderingly. â€Å"That's exactly it. That's how I intended it. I was inspired by watching classical ballet, how all the moves are amplified by the emotion put into the routines. Cornelia said it was crazy to try to think that deep for a show like this, but it just felt right.† â€Å"It's beautiful,† I said honestly. â€Å"I can absolutely see where you were going with it. Reminds me of something from La Bayadre.† â€Å"You know La Bayadre?† he asked, wide-eyed. â€Å"Of course,† I said. â€Å"It's a classic. Who doesn't?† â€Å"You'd be surprised.† I realized then that the seamstress had left, having achieved her goal. Matthias was still regarding me in amazement. Now that they weren't focused on the clipboard, I was able to see how blue his eyes were. They were like the sky on a clear, crisp day. â€Å"Are you busy tonight?† he asked a few moments later. â€Å"Would you . . . would you like to go get dinner? Or even just a drink? I'd love to talk dance more with you.† For a succubus, I could be surprisingly na?ve sometimes. Because for half an instant, I almost accepted. I was so keyed up after the rehearsal and so excited to talk more about the show that I actually briefly thought that was all he wanted to go out for. Now, I don't mean to imply that his motives were totally base either. He wasn't using this as a ruse to simply get me into bed. But he also wasn't treating this as a meeting of colleagues. Bottom line: he liked me. I'd peaked his interest, and he wanted to go out on a date. Normally, that wouldn't have been a problem . . . except, there was something I sincerely liked about him. He was cute, and I found his passion for his work endearing. I loved how he kept getting wrapped up in it, totally consumed and distracted like – Seth. And there was the problem. This guy was the choreographer version of Seth. A one-night fling with some sleazy guy who meant nothing wasn't cheating in the eyes of our relationship. But for me to go out with a guy I liked, that I found intriguing and attractive in the same way I found Seth . . . well. That was wrong, especially since Matthias was obviously interested in me. It was a strange situation to be in, one I hadn't expected. â€Å"Oh, that would be great, but my friends and I already have plans,† I told him. â€Å"We're trying to make the most of my trip since it's so short.† â€Å"Oh.† His face fell a little, then brightened. â€Å"But you'll be back for tomorrow's rehearsal, right? It'd be great if you were able to get in the steps one more time before you left town. You know, give you something to practice.† â€Å"Sure,† I said. â€Å"That'd be great.† The rest of the evening went by in a blur of activity. Phoebe joined Bastien and me in a whirlwind tour of Vegas highlights, which included a lot of casino and club hopping. Phoebe and I both donned skimpy, glamorous dresses, playing up our succubus sex appeal to its maximum. We draped ourselves on Bastien's arms, and he swaggered around even more than usual, smug with the envy he got over showing us off. After hours of this, I was ready for some downtime. Phoebe and Bastien had a quick consultation and decided that if we hurried we could make the late performance of a magic show they knew. â€Å"Magic?† I asked, more than a little tipsy from vodka gimlets. â€Å"Don't we live a magic show?† â€Å"Damn near,† said Bastien. He was ostensibly still being gallant in offering me his arm, but it was unclear who was really holding whom up. â€Å"There's something special about this show, I've heard.† There was a mischievous glint in his eyes. The three of us made our way to a modest, off-Strip hotel I'd never heard of. It still had alcohol and slot machines in its casino, which was probably all that mattered to most of its customers. Bastien bought us tickets to see The Great Jambini, and we hurried into the small theater – which was about half-full – just as the lights went down. A mediocre comedian did the warm-up act, and soon the star attraction himself came out. He had graying hair and a bright purple silk turban, along with a sequined cape that could have come straight from the wardrobe department at Sparkles. He kept tripping over its hem, which led to my first observation: he was totally drunk. A second observation soon followed, once I realized there were more immortal signatures in here than just mine, Phoebe's, and Bastien's. The Great Jambini was an imp. He started off with some standard card tricks, receiving half-hearted applause from the audience. These were followed by juggling, which I found remarkable simply because of the concentration it required from someone so obviously intoxicated. He didn't miss a move. I think the other members of the audience shared my opinion because their applause warmed up. Inspired by this, Jambini then made a great show of setting his juggling pins on fire. This brought the applause to a standstill, and some of the people in the front rows shifted uneasily. â€Å"Is that a good idea?† I murmured to my friends. â€Å"It never is,† remarked Phoebe. â€Å"What do you mean nev – â€Å" Within thirty seconds after lighting the pins, Jambini had begun juggling . . . and promptly set his cape on fire. People gasped and screamed as he flung it off him onto the stage. Considering its cheap material, I was kind of surprised the cape hadn't ignited faster. He stomped on it until the flames were out, and I saw a few stagehands on the periphery ready with fire extinguishers, just in case. Once the cape was a black, smoldering mess, he lifted it up. A dove emerged from underneath it, flying up into the air, much to the awe and delight of the spectators. â€Å"It was part of the show,† I breathed, equally impressed. â€Å"Yup,† said Phoebe. Jambini reached for the dove, which just barely slipped past him. It circled around the room, then swooped low into the audience. Along the way, it sideswiped a woman whose hair was elaborately French braided. The dove's foot got tangled in her hair, and it soon became trapped, beating its wings frantically to escape as she leaped up and began screaming. â€Å"Was that part of the show?† I asked. â€Å"No,† said Phoebe in awe. â€Å"But it really should be.† Within seconds, the stagehands were out in the audience, where they were able to remove and confine the dove. They escorted the woman off as well, heads bent low as they murmured apologies. The Great Jambini made a flourish-filled bow, much to the delight of the crowd. Everyone loves a wacky mishap. He performed a few scarf tricks, most of which went off without a hitch, and then came to stand in the center of the stage, face grave. â€Å"For my next trick, I need a volunteer.† His eyes fell on our corner. â€Å"A lovely volunteer.† â€Å"Oh, he noticed us,† said Phoebe, with a sigh. She raised her hand, along with others in the audience. When I did nothing, she elbowed me until I raised my hand as well. After a great show of examining all the volunteers, Jambini strode up to our table and extended his hand to me. Bastien and Phoebe whistled and cheered, urging me up. I was a little nervous about being set on fire or attacked by birds, but it was hard for me to refuse an audience. I accepted Jambini's hand and let him lead me up to the stage, while thunderous applause rang out around us. â€Å"Just shape-shift into any outfit that comes to mind,† he muttered in my ear, his breath heavy with the scent of gin. Once we were on center stage, he took the microphone and kicked into showman mode. â€Å"Now, my lovely assistant here . . . what is your name, lovely assistant?† I leaned toward the microphone. â€Å"Georgina.† â€Å"Georgina. What a lovely name. And so, lovely Georgina, all you have to do is allow yourself to be receptive to the awe-inspiring, truly mystical powers of my magic. If you do, wondrous transformations will occur.† I nodded in agreement, and more cheering ensued. Jambini walked over to his prop table and returned with a curtain attached to a hoop and a handle. When he held it up by the handle, the curtain hung down in a way that created an enclosed cylinder, completely concealing the person inside. I obligingly stepped forward, letting the folds of fabric hide me while Jambini gave a â€Å"magical countdown.† In those brief seconds, I shape-shifted my sparkly cocktail dress to the first thing that came to mind: my green foil elf dress. Jambini whipped the curtain away dramatically, revealing me in my new attire. People gasped and clapped with delight, and I gave a bow almost as showy as his. Encouraged by the response, Jambini declared, â€Å"One more time.† I stepped back into the curtained enclosure and changed this time into black jeans, a silver-sequined top, and a woman's tuxedo jacket. When he pulled back the curtain, the applause faltered a little bit before increasing to a frenzy. I'd seen these types of tricks performed before among those not gifted with shape-shifting, and usually performers simply shifted between loose dresses, items easy to get on and off. My choice of clothing kind of defied the logic of those familiar with how the trick worked. But, hey. This was magic, right? â€Å"Show-off,† Bastien told me when I returned to my seat. â€Å"Hey,† I whispered back, watching Jambini attempt to swallow a knife. He'd gotten about a third of the way there before he started coughing. With a shrug, he finally gave up and simply bowed to delayed applause. â€Å"These people deserve something for their money.† Jambini – or Jamie, as I later learned he was really named – was much more appreciative of my performance. My group met up with him in the hotel's drab bar after the show. â€Å"Switching to pants was genius,† he told me, knocking back a glass of gin. I had a sneaking suspicion that the show's actual performance was the longest he went without a drink on a given day. â€Å"People are going to be scratching their heads over that one for days.† â€Å"Maybe too much,† warned Bastien. â€Å"You'll make mortals suspicious.† I shrugged, unconcerned. â€Å"This is Vegas, baby. No one'll question it. Besides, weirder things happen all the time.† Jamie was nodding along eagerly. â€Å"And that tacky holiday dress too? That was great. Really god-awful. You know, if you're moving here, I could totally hook you up with a job as my assistant.† He chuckled. â€Å"People would probably get more out of seeing you than my tricks.† â€Å"That wouldn't surprise me in the least,† said Bastien, straight-faced. â€Å"Well, thanks,† I said, â€Å"but I think I've got more jobs than I need. Phoebe already set me up with something.† â€Å"Poacher,† said Jamie. The other succubus laughed as she stirred cherries around in her cocktail. â€Å"Hey, I can't help it if I – â€Å" A familiar aura spread through the room, and Phoebe fell silent. We all turned as one, watching as Luis entered the bar. Even mortals, who couldn't feel him like we could, paused and watched him stride through the room. There was just something that powerful and compelling about his dark presence. â€Å"Boss man,† said Jamie, holding up his glass in a mock toast. â€Å"You just missed my amazing performance.† â€Å"I've seen your shows before,† said Luis, sitting down and beckoning the bartender over. â€Å"I don't think I really missed anything.† â€Å"Georgina was his ‘lovely assistant,' † teased Phoebe. â€Å"Oh?† Luis paused to place his order and then turned toward me. â€Å"Pray tell, what did you do to wow them? Set some scarves on fire?† â€Å"Just some run-of-the-mill shape-shifting,† I said modestly. Jamie started in on his second gin glass. He'd ordered two when we sat down. I guess he didn't want to risk waiting the extra few minutes it would take to pour another. â€Å"That trick is always best with succubi. Even with a plant and a prepped costume, it never goes off quite as well. I used to have this girl who worked with me when I lived in Raleigh, and she did okay, but you could tell people knew how the whole get-up worked.† Alcohol was buzzing through me pleasantly, and I'd slowed down my consumption so as not to lose my head. Somewhere in that warm haze, Jamie's words tickled a memory. â€Å"Raleigh . . . when were you in Raleigh?† â€Å"I moved from there a few years ago. I was there about . . . oh, I don't know.† He took a sip of gin, perhaps to help his math skills. â€Å"Not that long. Twenty years. I did some good soul brokering, but really, my talents were better appreciated here, you know?† â€Å"When you were there, did you know a vampire named Milton?† I asked. Remembering my conversation with Hugh while I was in the middle of a cheap Vegas bar was weird – but no weirder than hearing Raleigh mentioned twice this week. â€Å"Milton?† Jamie's eyebrows rose, and some of his good humor dimmed. â€Å"Yeah, I know him. Scary son of a bitch. Looks like – â€Å" â€Å"Nosferatu?† I suggested. Jamie nodded solemnly. â€Å"How anyone as blatantly vampire as him got by as a covert operative is beyond me.† Phoebe frowned. â€Å"Did you say ‘covert operative'?† The waiter appeared then with Luis's drink. Luis motioned for him to stay and glanced around at the rest of us. â€Å"Refills? Another gimlet or cosmo? Jamie? You're drinking Tanqueray, right?† Jamie looked offended. â€Å"Beefeater.† Luis rolled his eyes. â€Å"That's ridiculous and disgusting. Bring him some Tanqueray.† â€Å"No!† exclaimed Jamie. â€Å"Beefeater. I'm a purist.† â€Å"You have no discrimination,† countered Luis. He looked back at the confused waiter. â€Å"Bring one of each. We'll have a taste test.† The waiter looked relieved and hurried off before someone else contradicted the orders. â€Å"It's a waste of time,† said Jamie. â€Å"No offense, boss man. You'll see.† Luis was unmoved. â€Å"Beefeater's for peasants.† â€Å"Jamie,† I tried, â€Å"about Milton – â€Å" â€Å"Peasants!† I don't think Luis could've insulted Jamie more if he'd called his mother names. â€Å"Beefeater is a refined drink, for a refined palate. You know I have infinite respect for you, but clearly, despite your years of worldly experience . . . well . . .† Jamie drunkenly groped for an eloquent way to finish his speech. â€Å"You're wrong.† Luis laughed, something I couldn't help but think Jerome most definitely wouldn't have done if one of his subordinates said he was wrong. â€Å"We'll see, my friend. It's a complex matter really, coming down to an analysis of both base ingredients and the distillation process.† â€Å"Jamie – † I attempted again. â€Å"That,† declared Jamie, â€Å"we can both agree on. And Beefeater is vastly superior in both.† â€Å"Give it up, Fleur,† Bastien told me in a low voice, eyes twinkling. â€Å"You can't compete with gin. Better luck tomorrow.† I started to protest, but further listening to Luis and Jamie's debate told me Bastien was right. Jamie was so fixated on defending his gin's honor that I doubt he would've even remembered me asking about Milton. â€Å"Will he be sober tomorrow?† I asked skeptically. â€Å"No,† said Phoebe. â€Å"But he's usually a little less drunk during the first half of the day.† The gin arrived, and Luis and Jamie became totally consumed with conducting â€Å"scientific† examinations on it, involving scent and surface tension. I didn't really see how the latter made that much of a difference in a taste test, but they seemed to think it was a pretty serious matter. â€Å"Dear God,† I murmured, amazed. Bastien finished off his cocktail. â€Å"When things turn serious, it's time for me to leave. What do you say, ladies? Would you like to go search out the clubs for some companionship ?† â€Å"I've got an early day tomorrow,† Phoebe said with regret. â€Å"I should probably just go home now. But you'll be at practice tomorrow, right?† â€Å"I guess so,† I said. â€Å"I told Matthias I would.† Despite ostensibly being involved in liquor analysis, Luis glanced over at the sound of the company manager's name. â€Å"Oh? Did you arrange the introduction?† I nodded. â€Å"Phoebe got me signed on.† Luis looked pleased. â€Å"Excellent. Are you happy with it?† The question surprised me, but then I remembered his earlier comment upon my arrival, about how he wanted happy employees. â€Å"I think so. I think it'll be a lot of fun.† â€Å"Good. And what did you think of Matthias?† That one was really a surprise. â€Å"I thought he was nice. Do you know him?† â€Å"Only by reputation,† said Luis. I was about to use the interruption to ask Jamie about Milton again, but before I could, Luis effortlessly slipped back to gin science, effectively blocking me from the imp's attention. Tomorrow, I decided. â€Å"You know,† said Phoebe slyly. â€Å"I could help you find Matthias if you wanted to see him tonight.† Even afloat on vodka gimlets, I still knew the right and wrong surrounding any sort of casual romance with Matthias. If I was going to hook up with anyone while I was here, it wasn't going to be anybody I would ever consider seriously. I flashed her and Bastien my best saucy succubus smile. â€Å"Nah, too tame. I'm not here to settle down yet. Let's find something wilder and do this Vegas weekend right.† Bastien whooped with joy and caught hold of my hand. As he led me away, telling me about â€Å"this perfect dance club,† I caught sight of Luis's face. He was nodding at Jamie, still seemingly interested in their debate . . . but there was something about the satisfied, knowing smile on Luis's lips that made me think it wasn't just the gin he was so happy about.

Reflective Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Reflective Journal - Essay Example The primary audiences for this journal are the different marketers and the organizations who are rowed in a competition for their success in a market. This journal helps them to gain insight on the various marketing trends. On the other hand, the journal provides secondary information to students and researchers to study and analyze the emerging marketing strategies and how companies are adopting new modes to compete with each other. Marketers and different organizations are the primary audience for this journal because these two groups remain in constant struggle to adopt different marketing strategies to compete with other marketers and organizations in marketing their products. This helps them to constantly monitor and analyze the various emerging trends. This research will help the primary audience to gain insight to the various strategies adopted by the different key players and how these marketers would consider marketing their product according to the new demands. For a marketer, it is important to know about the targeted customer and a particular segment but this study would have made them think that segmentation and knowing your customer is not important anymore to compete in a dynamic world of today but the main focus should be emphasized on what these marketers and organizations are offering to the customers which is more important in today’s market. Bailey, C., Baines, R. P., Wilson, H. and Clark, M. (2009). Segmentation and Customer Insight in Contemporary Services Marketing Practice: Why Grouping Customers Is No Longer Enough. Journal of Marketing Management, Volume 25, Issue 3 & 4 April 2009, Pages

Ways of Knowing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ways of Knowing - Assignment Example Nevertheless, enlightenment cannot be exactly known without discussing it in the context of ignorance. When one is ignorant, one is pictured as extremely sensitive and vehemently opposing something without even realizing why. For example, one is into anarchism, or the condition where one is â€Å"unrestricted by man-made law† and believes that â€Å"all forms of government rest on violence† (Goldman 583). This is actually such a negative standpoint from which to proceed. Nevertheless, the ignorant are relentless in believing that â€Å"God, the State, and society are non-existent† (584). This they proclaim while contending that â€Å"the individual is the heart of the society† and that â€Å"society is the lungs which†¦keep the life essence† (584). How then can society be the â€Å"lungs† that keep the individual alive when in fact it had previously been declared that the society is â€Å"non-existent†? Thus, the ignorant do not realize that their principles are actually contradictory. Moreover, if the great French anarchist Proud hon states that â€Å"Property is robbery,† then I am not even entitled to own my physical body lest I be called a robber (584). Why then should anarchism be the solution to all the ills of the world when anarchism can in fact totally annihilate everything? The ignorant stops here and cannot answer such a question. This is the problem of having contradictions. Such contradictions may have only been a theory by Goldman but they made up the entire philosophy of Marx and Engels – the philosophy of communism, which was loosely based on opposition. Judging only from their own limited or ignorant points of view, the authors contend that opposition exists among the social classes: â€Å"†¦every form of society has been based†¦on the antagonism of oppressing and oppressed classes† (Marx & Engels 487). If such oppression did exist in

Social Psychology - Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Psychology - Theory - Essay Example A group gives each of its members an identity and a role. Group identity gives an individual improved self-esteem, confidence level and sense of belonging. The individual is also socially and culturally influenced by the group. This study was conducted in 1971 by Philip Zimbardo of Stanford University, California, along with a group of researchers. It was a dramatic simulation of prison life conducted to study the behavior of good people when placed in an evil setting, to learn if humanity would prevail over evil or vice versa, etc. (Zimbardo). The independent variable in the study was the conditions the participants were assigned, the dependent variable being their consequent behavior (Haney, Banks and Zimbardo). The study was stopped halfway through due to the grim effects seen in the participants where the "guards" had become sadistic and the "prisoners" extremely depressed. The experiment was funded by the US Navy with a view to study the causes of conflict between the guards and prisoners in the naval prisons. Up until then, there was a belief that the guards entered their jobs with a "guard mentality" and were basically sadistic and insensitive whereas the prisoners were aggressive people with no respect for law. The study, however, disproved this dispositional hypothesis. Though the participants knew that they were part of a study, from the moment the "prisoners" were caught and arrested unawares from their homes and from the moment the "guards" were initiated into their roles a day before the prisoners were brought in, the participants fell so perfectly into their roles and they were affected by them so much that they seemed to believe in their assigned roles or positions. The participants were not preconditioned on their form of interactions and were free to interact in any way. Yet, their "encounters tended to be negative, hostile, insulting and dehumanizing" (Haney, Banks and Zimbardo). The negative emotions showed that the participants, both the prisoners and the guards, had internalized the situation or that they had started to believe in the situation. Though physical violence was strictly not allowed, forms of less direct aggressive behavior were noted. Another instance where the participants' internalization was evidenced was when five of the prisoners had to be released due to extreme depression. Though the prisoners were fully aware that they were only playing a role and could quit the study if they so wished, only two of the rest were ready to forfeit their earnings in consideration of "parole." When the study was terminated earlier than planned, the prisoners were delighted while the guards were disappointed. This was because the guards had grown to enjoy the power that they now held. Even the "prison officials," meaning the research team, had started behaving in a manner they thought was befitting the roles they played. The styles of responding to and coping with the new situation differed from individual to individual. While a few prisoners had to be released, a few endured the atmosphere. While some guards were "tough but fair, some went far beyond their roles to engage in creative cruelty and harassment" (Haney, Banks and Zimbardo). The preliminary personality tests done on the participants had not predicted this manner of a behavior

People in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

People in Organizations - Essay Example standing of the way people would react to a ‘change’ scenario and as to what their reactions would be in the wake of closing certain offices and more than that putting an end to their jobs. This brings to light the situation at NIC. The key issues which could be had in the wake of Gloria Barker’s initiatives are bringing a sense of change within the attitudes of the people as they must know that this change is for their own betterment, both in the short term scenario as well as in the long run. They must be told that these initiatives will bring in the much needed stability for the operations of the organization as well as provide incentives to the employees in different forms. However this is a totally different matter altogether that the people who are told to leave their jobs, as the offices coming under the direct hold of NIC close, will have a sense of resentment which is quite understandable but within the global contexts of a changing business climate, this is all the more common at the present. The key issues also bring to light the aspect of ‘Building the New NIC’ which is a philosophy that needs strenuous thinking and action to back up the very mindset which has been developed as a result of the same. This asks of the management culture to bring about an environment which is full of positive attitude since this is much needed at the end of the day. People must be motivated enough in their job to adopt the changing regime because if the same is missing, then there is little room for improvement within the changing culture of the organization. (Gellerman, 1968) Also the role of Human Resources Department is of essence since it must cut down on the traditional mindset that it has had of late and give up the same for the contemporary office climate as the latter will bring in employees who are better equipped to handle tasks and more learned than are present within the realms of NIC at the current stage. It will also motivate and encourage the

Ethical dilemma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Ethical dilemma - Essay Example This is an ethical problem because the patient comes from an Orthodox Jewish family. This family’s denial of a pig’s xenograft is well understood since Orthodox Jews consider pigs unclean. It is impossible to solicit the patient’s wish is untenable since he is one year shy of the legal age, on the one hand. On the other hand, to listen to the parents’ adamant stand may prove to be catastrophic to the patient due to absence of synthetic ileums and the essence of time. The ileum of the pig is the only available option and transferring the patient to another state for treatment is prolonging the patient’s predicament and endangering his health. This is especially because the gangrene may spread to the rest of the patient’s digestive system. This is not necessarily an ethical dilemma. The patient’s parents can be called to the hospital and sat down for consultation and persuasion. In the event that the parents adamantly stick to their religious compunctions, the hospital will easily release the patient out of its custody, so that his parents can seek for a better alternative in another hospital. It is not up to the hospital to decide for the patient or the patient’s family on what is good for him after all. Again, carrying out surgical intervention on the client will not necessarily be going against the power of attorney’s decision. According to Karadag and Hakan, the principles of modern bioethics are non-maleficence, beneficence, justice and respect to autonomy. However, there are situations when upholding these principles becomes subject to ethical dilemma. A case in point herein is a treatable mentally unsound patient, Mark who has had a bout of testicular torsion. Doctors have unsuccessfully tried to manually rotate the testis back to its position, thereby prompting the need for surgical intervention (Karadag & Hakan, 8-9). In the case above, there is an ethical dilemma since respect to autonomy

Ladies and gentleman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ladies and gentleman - Essay Example From the scripts of Castiglione, a universal person is nature’s goal set for every human being. It is only natural to become a well-rounded person. What this universality does to the person is that he/she form his opinion, makes him judgments and decides from a plethora of theories and ideas and incorporates almost every possible angle of the problem under the discussion. Leonardo Da Vinci was one such person, in fact he is also regarded as the prophet of the renaissance god. For he was a master of many fields of life, and he always preached the interconnectedness of things. (2) Create a â€Å"survey† based on the identified characteristics and â€Å"poll† at least ten people to find out whether or not the characteristics are relevant for a â€Å"gentleman† or â€Å"lady† of today. I agree with the characteristics of ladies and gents explained in the Book of Courtier. For instance, in the book a person of high etiquettes is considered to possess the necessary fashion sense (Raleigh, 1997). I agree with the book as it shows the spirit of a gentleman, men and women don’t have to absolutely have to agree with each and everything. For instance, kissing the hand of the lady was considered gentle back when the book was written, these days if someone does that in a club where everyone is dancing to trance music, it would certainly feel odd. The spirit of renaissance should not be taken in letter only, the spirit is more important than the words. Castiglione gave a general idea of what are proper manners in general back in his time plus the roles vary according to regions and cultures, even throughout Europe, the acceptable manners of a gentleman and a lady vary (Burke, 1995). For instance in the book, Sir Fredrick talks about Persia and how women should be at the court. Lord Gaspar thinks that the rules that apply to men are also applicable to women but Lord Julian disagrees. The nature of

Ransomware Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ransomware - Research Paper Example Ransomware is a threat due to inability to recover information from the infected computer. Ransomware is a hijacking threat in the computer system using encryption technology to limit or prevent the user’s access to their system. The Three types of ransomware include encrypting malware, lock-screen viruses and scareware. The ransomware make be in the form of police blocking computer access or FBI virus while others use pornographic images to embarrass the victim. The victims of this malware are usually internet users though hijacking of their user files. It often requires the user to pay ransom to the malware creator before removing the restriction. The attacker may seize the files or computer until the user pays the ransom to online currency accounts such as Webmoney or eGold. The attacks using ransomware are becoming more sophisticated and refined in algorithm posing great challenges to data protection. We will consider the history of ransomware, how ransomware functions in this article. Besides, the paper discusses the reason behind its fast growth, how to prevent it or fix the computer after infection. The increase in the use of ransomware since the formation of the first one raises the question of why they are becoming more prominent. The ransomware is likely to evolve further with the current ones having the ability to encrypt and lock the files. The latest actions of the ransomware ensure the damage they cause continues even after removal without paying the ransom money. As the technology evolves, the malware also evolves in many ways to thrive (Elisan & Hypponen, 2013). . Ransomware has changed over time since the first case in the infection methods, directives and persistence. The early cases of ransomware were benign and easy to remove. However, the new strains are more persistent and pose great threats. The first ransomware is PC Cyborg in 1989 that claimed expiry of license to a

Entrepreneur Essay Example for Free

Entrepreneur Essay Personality traits of an entrepreneur depend on number of factors. There have been various researches and studies in order to understand these factors and the relationship between these factors and entrepreneur personality traits and characteristics. Personality and behavioral factors, environmental factors, action factors, social and cultural factors and political and legal factors impact the personality and characteristics of entrepreneur (Bolton Thompson; 2000, Hayton, J C, Salvato, C and Zahra S A; 2004, Lumpkin, G.  T. Dess, G. G. ; 1996, Sandberg, William R. 1992). According to Robinson and Sexton (1994 as cited by Crant, 1996) from a sample of over 181,000 people culled from the 1980 U. S. Census indicated that education is positively related to entrepreneurship and self-employment. In another study conducted by Crant (1996) the research established relationship between the demographic factors like age, sex and family background and entrepreneurship. According to the results of these studies young people are more likely to get into entrepreneurship than people of old age, numbers of males aspiring for entrepreneurship was more than females and people with business family background are more likely to get into entrepreneurship than others. The family support in financial and psychological matters strengthens the efforts towards achieving his goals. Entrepreneur while using family finances for his business becomes more vigilant and careful to the risks and returns. Social and cultural set up is very important in entrepreneurship. According to Barney, Clark, Alvarez (2003 as cited in Hayton, Salvato and Zahra, 2004) â€Å"Furthermore, the kinship-ties that are unique to family firms are believed to have a positive effect upon entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. † In the same work of Hayton, Salvato and Zahra (2004) it is quoted that â€Å"Owner managers also understand that their family firms survival depends on their ability to enter new markets and revitalize existing operations in order to create new businesses (Ward, 1987). In the work of Covin and Miles, (1999) they mentioned the observations of Burgelman, Kosnik, and van den Pol (1988) which refers to the introduction of a new product, process, technology, system, technique, resource, or capability to the firm or its markets. According to Covin and Miles (1999) entrepreneurs can be characterized by their bypass strategies and product market pioneering strategies. While the level of aspirations is partly determined by the level of skills, it is also affected by the values and personality traits of the entrepreneur (Hollenbeck Whitener, 1988; March Simon, 1958). March Simon (1958) also postulated that environment (context) affects aspirations. (Harron and Sapienza, 1992) Harron and Sapienza, (1992) suggested a model which determines interaction between personal values and context and personality traits and context. Numbers of studies have been conducted to understand entrepreneur process and develop a conceptual frame work around it. Krueger and Brazeal (1994 as cited by Crant, 1996) studied entrepreneurial potential whereas Naffziger, Hornsby, and Kuratko (1994 as cited by Crant, 1996) studied entrepreneurial motivation. These studies have provided base to other studies conducted to develop conceptual framework and models of entrepreneurial personality traits and characteristics. As cited by Moon (1999) â€Å"Risk-taking here is a strict managerial term discussing the propensity for organizational change and innovative decision-making. † The interview revealed that Paul defines entrepreneurs with their risk taking opportunity exploiting abilities. This is one of the characteristics of personality of an entrepreneur. Paul’s statement support Moon (1999) view regarding risk taking and decision making behavior. Paul appears to be aggressive in his tone and enthusiastic about his work. His risk taking ability is backed by the calculative measures and market studies as he says â€Å"I see the risks that I take being very calculated and not designed to lose money†. Paul utilizes marketing tools for promotion and increase the visibility of his products. In his statement he says â€Å"we’re probably the biggest and we see ourselves as market leaders rather than followers†. He converted his hobby into his business. This was an area where he has knowledge as well as interest. He is a well educated person. He has gained experience prior to starting his own business. He gives importance to the support he receives from his social system; family and friends. He is persistence with his work, has good planning skills and organized in his work. He is quick in his responses and provides immediate feedback to any kind of change in market place or within their organization. His energy levels and enthusiasm are high. He is very independent and goal oriented. He has a vision and goal and he works in order to achieve his goals. He is very committed to his work. He takes personal initiatives to achieve his objectives. He is very competitive. This can be inferred from his statement that â€Å"we are probably the biggest and we see ourselves as market leaders rather than followers. † He constantly looks for market opportunities and goals.

Conscription Paragraph Essay Example for Free

Conscription Paragraph Essay Out on the battlefield many men were lost saving families and there country. These men are honoured for being heroes for what they have done and because of there actions less men were killed, families receive there family members faster and some men get to see another day. This was all possible from the government using conscription. After the government decided to use conscription this made many people and families angry but they did not see the good and the need for it. They used every volunteer that they received yet it was not enough and that it was necessary to use force to gather the men needed to help fight and win the war. Due to the more soldiers fighting the faster then men got to come home to their families and with the amount of men recruited more families and friends were saved. The men who had joined the army learned that all is the same out in the battlefield and there class, wealth, race, or religion we all become equal when fighting and protecting your country. Conscription helped and forced lazy and unemployed people to work and get paid and honoured for what they are doing, which is better then doing nothing all day. In the process of joining the war the men were trained and put in to a fitness training to make them healthier and strong for and after the war. All of the men who came back are now remembered as heroes and honoured for there bravery and courage. Yes the government broke the promise about using conscription however the war was in our favour and families, friends, country were all saved and protected in the process. We have made a face on the earth and shown our power to all the countries out there and tell them to beware because we will fight and we ill win.

Canadian Model Of Occupational Performance Health And Social Care Essay

Canadian Model Of Occupational Performance Health And Social Care Essay Various literatures suggest different terminologies in occupational therapy depending on the school of thought. Hence, it is imperative to bring significance to underpinning words for the purpose of this assignment. National Health Service (NHS) define occupational therapy as the evaluation and treatment of physical and psychiatric conditions using definite and purposeful activities to prevent disability and encourage independent functions in all aspects of daily life (www.nhscareers.nhsuk, 2008). Occupational therapy is a discipline that assists people of all ages to achieve health and life satisfaction through improving their ability to carry out the activities that they need or choose to do in their daily lives (College of Occupational Therapists [COT] 2006a). Occupational therapists assess the impact of changes in motor function, sensation, coordination, visual perception, and cognition on an individuals competence to engage in daily life tasks. Intervention enhances involvement in meaningful roles, tasks, and activities; minimizes secondary complications; and provides training and support to the patient and caregivers. (Rowland, 2008) Occupational therapists concentrates on independence and function, persons goal setting, and their expert skills in task adaptation and environmental adaptation emphasize the professions contribution to stroke rehabilitation. (Rowland 2008) The fundamental intend of occupational therapy is predicated on occupational performance, it seeks to enhance health and well being of a person by limiting occupational dysfunction that is, when an individual is unable to articulate himself within his socio-cultural and physical environment because of illness, disability or lack of enabling skills indispensable for coping like the case of stroke in David. Background information on stroke The diagnosis established that David had stroke, an occlusion in the middle cerebral artery. Stroke is the third most common cause of death in the UK; an estimation of 150,000 people has stroked each year and approximately 30% of people dying in the month after a stroke and 67,000 deaths each year. It is also the greatest cause of severe disability, 35% of all survivors are significantly disabled and will need help with daily occupation (Department of Health, 2001; Office of National Statistics, 2001;British Hearth Foundation, 2005). The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines stroke as a clinical syndrome, of presumed vascular origin, typified by rapidly developing signs of focal or global disturbance of cerebral function lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death (WHO, 1978). The two broad causes are ischemia and haemorrhage. Ischemic stroke results from a blockage of cerebral vessel and can be further classified into thrombosis or embolism. Hemorrhagic stroke results from the rupture of a blood vessel. Blood is release out of the vascular space, cutting off pathways and leading to pressure injuries to brain tissue. It could be either intracerebral (bleeding into the brain itself) or subarachnoid (bleeding into an area surrounding the brain) caused by hypertension, arteriovenous malformation, or aneurysm (Batel, 2004). SYNOPSIS OF DAVID David, a senior fireman officer was born 45 years ago and had worked for 27 years on a fulltime basis. He collapsed at work 8 weeks ago and was diagnosed with a left Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) or stroke. A scan following his admission revealed an occlusion in the middle cerebral artery. He was restless and irritable, responding to command physically but no verbal response, and was unable to move his right upper and lower limbs. His blood pressure is 180/75, Blood NAD. Urine testing revealed a high level of sugar. He is a proud family man, married for 22years, extremely sociable with strong passion for football. APPLIED THEORTICAL MODEL A model is a simplified representation of a phenomenon that can account for certain data/relationships or a synthesised body of knowledge that links theory and practice(Finlay, 2004 p73). Model gives us a way to frame a persons problems and treatment (Finlay, 2004). Conversely, the theoretical direction on which these frames of reference are founded is not clear, this is why it is so complicated to follow their guiding principle to institute occupationally based practice (Ikiugu, 2004).   The Canadian Model of Occupational Performance (CMOP): Is employed to guide in Davids health needs because it will emphasis on occupational performance of David as a person, via occupation and environment, CMOP will critically analyse the components of Davids affective, cognitive, physical components and spirituality, the spirituality represent the inner strength that will allows David to keep functioning in the face of great challenges and adversity by engaging him in purposeful occupational activities, that influences his performance areas and bring about health and well-being within the context of adaptable environment fit for David. Client centred practice originally evolved in psychology. It combines with systems approach, environmental theory and research into flow by Csikszentmihalyi to provided CMOP with a broad interdisciplinary base of knowledge [1][3][4]. He buttresses on exploration of flow, the subjective psychological state that occurs when we are totally adsorbed in an activity. He found that flow state involves feeling good, exceedingly motivated and being in the zone. During flow, concentration can be so intense that there is loss of self-consciousness a transitory reprieve from ones worries; flow also promotes self -esteem, life satisfaction and the aptitude to cope with stress. This is contrary to the concept of occupational balance which is a more complex and holistic concept related to balance in life style and tasks. Balance is about the relationship between a person ,their occupations and their worlds.The models national development is a unique feature and so CMOP does not reflect the views of any one individual. However while some assume the model has no cultural bias and adaptation has been encouraged, little research has been conducted into the efficacy of its application in non western societies [10][11][12] APPLYING CMOP TO DAVID SELF CARE The initial process of occupational therapy assessment involves interviews with the David and his family to establish previously held life roles and the tasks and activities that were completed within these roles. Observational assessment is undertaken of personal self-care tasks, including showering, dressing, toileting, grooming, and eating, and domestic or instrumental tasks, including meal preparation, shopping, cleaning, laundry, and management of finances and medications. Establishing the level of assistance needed in each of these areas and Davids priorities will helps the occupational therapist target rehabilitation interventions appropriately and to measure progress towards Davids goals. Observation of activity limitations allows the occupational therapist to identify the impairments that underpin these limitations, including the motor, sensory and cognitive impact of stroke. (Rowland, 2008) PRODUCTIVITY Davis was a fulltime fireman fighter before the stroke assessment regarding return to work commences in the acute setting. The occupational therapist gathers a history of the patients occupation, i.e., job duties (frequency and duration) and work conditions (hours, environment, etc.). Using the results of assessment of the sensorimotor, cognitive, visual-perceptual, and psychological abilities of the patient, the occupational therapist with the help of vocational rehabilitation therapist will considers David feasibility of returning to work, also conduct a workplace assessment and negotiate a graded return to work hours an duties (Trombly, 2002). Leisure: David before the stroke engages in leisure activities he was a football fan and a football coach these are highly social activities that brings about his social inclusion. David derives joy, fulfilment relaxation, excitement, and stimulation. An occupational therapist will seek for ways to reengage him in these activities to enhance other areas of occupational performance. CLIENT CENTRED CMOP is propagates client centeredness which promotes interdependent collaborative relationship between clients and therapist, outcome measure enabling client to rate importance, performance and satisfaction with self -care productivity and leisure activities they need to, want to, or are expected to. Consequently, an occupational therapist together with David will formulate the following achievable outcome as long-term goals: David to gain increased somatosensory perception and will employ compensatory strategies order to perform ADL safely; David will gain strength, endurance, and control of movement in upper extremity in order to use this during performance of ADL due to the fact that he is presently unable to move his right upper and lower limbs. It also includes how David can improve motor planning ability in order to relearn old methods or relearn new methods of performing ADL. EVIRONMENTAL ADAPTATION Occupational therapist is more worried about how David will function effectively and independently in the home environment and to access the community. The occupational therapist will evaluate the need for a home assessment, taking into consideration the environmental barriers, specific impairments, risk of falls, and the needs of the patient/carer. The purpose of the assessment is to establish whether it is safe for David to return to their pre-stroke environment or see how the environment could be adapted to fit David.The assessment involves observing Davids ability to physically negotiate his environment and perform his usual activities. For instance, the occupational therapist may assess Davids ability to safely transfer from their bed or toilet, move on his wheel chair freely within the house, and cook within his kitchen OT APPLICATION TO STROKE The implications of stroke are extremely varied and may include difficulties in motor ability, perceptual-cognitive skills, emotional reactions and social functioning. Occupational therapists look beyond these health conditions and analyse the impact of an individuals specific pattern of component of problems on occupational performance (Molineux, 2004). For instance the left cerebral hemisphere, which is affected in the case of David, controls most functions on the right side of his body because of the decussating of motor fibres in the medulla. The stroke incidence in the case of David may produce symptoms discussed below: Vision and Visual Perception Stroke can also result in blind spot in the visual field usually on the right side to correct this, David will have to gain visual function or will employ compensatory strategies in order to resume previously performed ADL. Occupational therapists routinely screen for visual-perceptual impairments such as agnosia; visuospatial relations problems, eg, figure-ground, body scheme disorders, depth perception, and unilateral neglects, and impairments in constructional skills. [14] Other neurobehavioral changes, including praxis and acalculia, are commonly assessed in conjunction with visual-perceptual screening following a left hemisphere stroke. Occupational therapists will work on Visual and perceptual impairments in David by retraining in specific skills, teaching compensation techniques, substitution of unimpaired skills, or adapting the task or environment. [1] Methods will include visual scanning training [55] to assist David with a hemianopia or neglect to locate items more accurately within his house. The depth perception problems in David may be encouraged to hold the handrail for additional proprioceptive cues to safely negotiate stairs, as well as to pace themselves and go more slowly down a flight of stairs. The praxis condition of David [56] or motor planning problems affecting one upper limb may initially practice a range of remediation techniques involving feedback, cueing, and functional repetitive practice to overcome the impairment. If Davids impairment of the stroke-affected hand is resistant to remediation methods, the occupational therapist may teach Daivd to compensate by using the other, unaffected, upp er limb for tasks requiring greater precision such as gardening that he loves to do or washing his car, thus increasing the patients level of independence. Memory and Cognition The impact of the stroke on Davids memory, cognition, and executive skills can significantly affect his ability to participate in a rehabilitation program and to complete personal, domestic, leisure, and work-related tasks. [21] Difficulty in initiating regular tasks such as been a fire fighter, coaching his foot ball team, washing his car, gardening activities as he use to do before even socialising with the member of his community or preparing breakfast, or impulsiveness that poses safety risks for the individual are practical examples of the effects of these impairments. Sensory, Motor, and Upper Limb Function Occupational therapy interventions will address Davids changes in motor power, muscle tone, sensory loss, motor planning/praxis, fine motor coordination, and hand function, with the aim of regaining upper limb control and function. Daily upper limb movement facilitation and positioning, massage, elevation, and compression were employed to address muscle weakness and edema of the left upper limb. Education was provided for safety in the care of his arm and practical training in one-handed methods of completing daily tasks, including dressing, grooming, and eating. The occupational therapist will also assess Davids ability to plan, implement, and problem-solve tasks like making a simple meal, The OT may recommend the installation of grab rails in the shower and toilet, removal of a shower screen that limited safe access, purchase of a shower stool for seated showering as his balance remained impaired, and purchase of a lounge chair of a suitable height. Safely administering medications or prescribing a wheeled mobility tray for transporting meals and using the telephone to call for assistance. If David does not have the capacity to get out of bed, the occupational therapist trains family to safely operate an electric hoist or wheelchair. OT will continuously educate the patient and family members on the treatment program, this is essential for the smooth transition to his discharge. An occupational therapist will need to consult with a social worker to help David and his family apply for Medicaid or other support, establish if it is financially possible to consult others professionals. His cognitive impairment can be assessed during evaluation and treatment of occupational performance by focusing on the adaptive abilities of planning, judgment, problem solving and initiation. Depression is common with lesions in the left hemisphere as compared with the right hemisphere resulting in outbursts, anger or frustration when he cannot perform tasks that he was used to. These responses can further result in impaired personal interactions, inability to perform social and leisure activities or roles, and eventual experience social isolation. Emotional Counselling: Prior to Davids stroke, he and Helen both had clearly defined traditional roles in the family. One potential issue for the family unit, now that David is likely to require a long period of rehabilitation at home, will there be tension between him and Helen due to extreme role reversal? Have a full time worker and David believing that a man must be the breadwinner for his family. If not managed correctly, this tension could have repercussions on the childrens adjustment and could trigger feelings of guilt, isolation and resentment within Helen and Davids relationship. In order to avoid this, and to ensure maximum family unity, communication on coping strategies for the whole family is crucial. Openness between all family members about the severity of the illness, coping strategies, a were in this together attitude, adjustments to daily life and incorporating care into it are just a few things which will help quell feelings of anxiety, fear, depression and resent fulness. Therapeutic use of leisure could be employed to organise activities that provide social interaction, pleasure, entertainment, or diversion like taking for a football match, knowing well that David is very sociable and has great passion for football. Leisure is a medium through which a person is able to learn and rehearse a wide range of skills that will enable him to respond appropriately and adaptively in different situations. Conclusion To make available an activity to pass time or do a work out on a limb is not very complicated, but to facilitate an individual to engage in an activity that has purpose and meaningful for a client, and which help out in the improvement of performance skills, is the utmost art of the occupational therapist (Creek, 1998,p.27). Hence, an attempt has been made to focus on applying occupational therapy concepts, which is engagement of occupation and meaningful activities to enhance occupational performance as it relates to Davids health condition. Research has demonstrated that stroke survivors with a positive self-efficacy report higher quality of life and fewer depressive symptoms (Robinson-smith, 2002b). CMOP model was applied as relevant evidence base.

Biblical Character in the Life of Barnabas Essay -- Religion, The Book

As we first meet Joses, in the book of Acts, we learn much about his person. Joses, who we are told was surnamed Barnabas by the Apostles, must have spent a considerable amount of time with them, considering he had received a surname from them. Certainly, even in the free for all social climates that we have in society today, one would not deliberately call someone Fred when his given name was Lawrence unless their be great affection among these acquaintances. Most likely, because Barnabas was a Levite, he may have had previous interactions with the other apostles and through these interactions; they were able to view God’s development of his character. â€Å"This was not insignificant in itself because the granting of a nickname was often seen as a sign of respect.† Strong’s Concordance tells us the Barnabas means exhorter. â€Å"Joses was nicknamed Barnabas, which means Son of Exhortation, evidently because of his character and ability to encourage those wh o were downhearted.† Barnabas the Levite, having no portion of inheritance in the Promised Land showed great character in that he voluntarily sold land that he had acquired on the Island of Cyprus, which is in a region of the Mediterranean Sea. â€Å"Wherefore Levi hath no part nor inheritance with his brethren; the LORD is his inheritance, according as the LORD thy God promised him.† (Deut. 10:9) â€Å"The believers were unified not only spiritually (one in heart and mind) but also materially. Their selling of their goods was voluntary and the distribution was according to need.† Barnabas may have been a man of considerable financial means, as he did own land. Biblical character is apparent in him as he makes the arduous journey to Cyprus, completes the task of selling the land, and trav... ...le having divested much time having poured out their souls for the workings of spiritual things. What man, having disdain and hatred for another brother would be concerned for his physical well-being? Alas, any Christian would be better disposed to believe that this beloved brother, Barnabas, exhibited great biblical character by maintaining his charity towards his brother Paul. â€Å"Though we change our colleagues, we do not change our principal president.† Later, In Galatians 2 we see Barnabas and Paul once again reunited and laboring together in the battlefield, which is the fight for souls. They, having set aside their differences and having influenced many lives while winning multitudes of lost souls to Christ, carry on their unspoken biblical character. Yes, biblical character must be unspoken that it suffer not to be tainted and be truly revealed as pride.

The Best Years of my Life Essay example -- essays research papers

Looking back now, I can see that people were right when they said that my high school years would be the best years of my life. Most teenagers complain that their lives are unfair and that high school is the worst part. I know this to be true because I have done my share of complaining. Even though I have many responsibilities, probably more than most people my age, my teenage high school years have been very carefree and enjoyable compared to future years as an adult and I have learned many life lessons through out my years in high school that will prepare me for many of life’s challenges. I know that even though I have complained and have looked forward to graduating, I will miss being in school. So, I have to say that my high school years are the best years of my life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If an individual really thinks about it, their high school years are some of the best years of their life. While teenagers are still in high school and living at home, they do not have to worry about having money to by lunch, clothes, gas, or anything else, unlike when one graduates and moves out on their own. As a rule, teenagers do not have to worry about whether a certain bill has to be paid on this day and another bill on that day. They do not have to worry about not getting their electric bill paid by a certain day of the month so that their lights are not turned off or they do not have house payments or medical bills or many of the responsibilities that occur later in lif...

Costs of Childhood Cancer Treatment and Research Essay example -- Heal

Cancer, one of the most feared words in our vocabulary of this time, especially in childhood (Druker 1). Most people when thinking of â€Å"childhood cancer† envision very young children, although a â€Å"Nation Institute of Health Policy concerning inclusion of children in clinical research defines children as being younger than twenty-one years of age while the Food and Drug Administration considers children to be fifteen years and younger† (Ries 158). That being said, most cancers incidence peak among children occurs during the first year of life (Gurney 149). Some of the most well-known nationwide childhood cancers are leukemia, brain cancer, and other central nervous system cancers (oeconline 1). In conjunction, â€Å"the side effects of treatment, which range from heart disease to brain damage, can linger for decades and cost nearly as much as therapy for the original cancer† (USATODAY 1). With the total cost of childhood cancer exceeding many peopleâ€℠¢s yearly salary, help and support are the main focus for many childhood cancer advocacies (disease.com 1). Therefore, increasing awareness is the first step to raising more advocacy and support for childhood cancer programs and research (StJude.org 2). Childhood cancer treatment is an excessively pricey dilemma. It ranges from the cost per child to the overall cost. For example, â€Å"a new leukemia medication for children who no longer benefit from chemotherapy, costs $45,000 for a three week treatment cycle† (USATODAY 1). With the average time span of cancer treatment ranging from three months to roughly three years the price can climb to multiple figures (compasscare 1). The median cost per day for one child in a pediatric hospital for cancer treatment is nearly $1,000 more than the average... ...ng diagnosed with cancer as a whole. As a refuge for many families, St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital takes responsibility for all expenses dealing with immediate medical care that insurance does not cover. As well as immediate medical care coverage, St. Jude’s also distributes other attributes to the family in need, such as housing and payment for outpatient expenses. Since St. Jude’s is run by the donations of donors from around the world, although mostly from around the country, it is vital for the survival and future cure for childhood cancers that we as a nation continue to fuel St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital to prosper and thrive. In conclusion, childhood cancer treatment and research is extremely important for the future survival of thousands of childhood lives. Every cent matters when it comes to saving the lives of our future generations. Costs of Childhood Cancer Treatment and Research Essay example -- Heal Cancer, one of the most feared words in our vocabulary of this time, especially in childhood (Druker 1). Most people when thinking of â€Å"childhood cancer† envision very young children, although a â€Å"Nation Institute of Health Policy concerning inclusion of children in clinical research defines children as being younger than twenty-one years of age while the Food and Drug Administration considers children to be fifteen years and younger† (Ries 158). That being said, most cancers incidence peak among children occurs during the first year of life (Gurney 149). Some of the most well-known nationwide childhood cancers are leukemia, brain cancer, and other central nervous system cancers (oeconline 1). In conjunction, â€Å"the side effects of treatment, which range from heart disease to brain damage, can linger for decades and cost nearly as much as therapy for the original cancer† (USATODAY 1). With the total cost of childhood cancer exceeding many peopleâ€℠¢s yearly salary, help and support are the main focus for many childhood cancer advocacies (disease.com 1). Therefore, increasing awareness is the first step to raising more advocacy and support for childhood cancer programs and research (StJude.org 2). Childhood cancer treatment is an excessively pricey dilemma. It ranges from the cost per child to the overall cost. For example, â€Å"a new leukemia medication for children who no longer benefit from chemotherapy, costs $45,000 for a three week treatment cycle† (USATODAY 1). With the average time span of cancer treatment ranging from three months to roughly three years the price can climb to multiple figures (compasscare 1). The median cost per day for one child in a pediatric hospital for cancer treatment is nearly $1,000 more than the average... ...ng diagnosed with cancer as a whole. As a refuge for many families, St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital takes responsibility for all expenses dealing with immediate medical care that insurance does not cover. As well as immediate medical care coverage, St. Jude’s also distributes other attributes to the family in need, such as housing and payment for outpatient expenses. Since St. Jude’s is run by the donations of donors from around the world, although mostly from around the country, it is vital for the survival and future cure for childhood cancers that we as a nation continue to fuel St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital to prosper and thrive. In conclusion, childhood cancer treatment and research is extremely important for the future survival of thousands of childhood lives. Every cent matters when it comes to saving the lives of our future generations.

Gabriel Fallopius

As one looks back on medicine, they see that it is clearly defined by the medical practitioners that pioneered the ideas and procedures that now make up the backbone of modern medicine. From Hippocrates' theory of the four humors to Louis Pasteur's ideas of germ theory to Alexander Fleming's discovery of the antibacterial properties of penicillin, these practitioners and their work have been critical to the way the world currently approaches medicine and healthcare. One of these key medical practitioners is Gabriel Fallopius. Fallopius was a sixteenth-century Italian anatomist who lived from 1523-1562 (Gabriel 2018). His work on human anatomy makes up much of the basis of modern understanding about the skeletal system, reproductive system, and the prevention of sexually transmitted disease and has paved the way for the current understanding and procedures within these fields.Gabriel Fallopius was born in 1523 to Geronimo and Caterina Falloppio in Modena, a province of modern day Italy. He was originally educated in the classical arts, but when his father died, his family experienced financial issues and he turned to the church for his career. In 1542 he became a priest and eventually became the canon, which is a position appointed by the bishop of the surrounding area, at the cathedral in Modena (Gabriel, The Holy See, and Whonamedit 2018). After his family finances were in order, he studied medicine under Niccolo Machella where he began to dissect bodies. He then studied under other medical practitioners and anatomists at the time including Giovanni Battista de Monte, Matteo Realdo Colombo, Andreas Vesalius, Antonio Musa Brasavola, and Giambattista Canano (Whonamedit 2018). Once he completed his training, he went to the University of Ferrara where he became a teacher of anatomy and held the Chair of Pharmacy. After his work in the University of Ferrara, Fallopius went to the University of Pisa where he took up the Chair in Anatomy from 1548 to 1551 which was followed up by him taking the Chair in Anatomy at the University of Padua from 1551 to 1562 (Gabriel and Whonamedit 2018). During this time in 1561, he published his book the Observationes Anatomicae, which was written as a commentary his mentor, Andreas Vesalius' book De Humani Corporis Fabrica which includes his notes and descriptions on the skeletal and female reproductive system including his description of the fallopian tubes (Sophia 2018). After this, he soon fell ill and on October 9, 1562, he died of pleurisy in Padua. (Gabriel and Whonamedit 2018). After his death, five books, which were collections of his notes and descriptions, were published. These books are Expositio in librum Galeni de ossibus, Observationes de venis, De humani corporis anatome compendium, De partibus similaribus humani corporis, and Secreti diversi et miraculis (Whonamedit 2018). One of the key aspects that defined Gabriel Fallopius work is the time period he lived in. Fallopius lived during the Renaissance which occurred from 1350-1650 AD. During this time, the common cause of disease was thought to have been an imbalance of the four humors, which were blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile (Gill 2017). Each of these humors was tied to an element and certain qualities. Blood was related to air and was considered hot and moist, phlegm was linked to water and was cold and moist, yellow bile was connected to fire and was hot and dry, and black bile was associated with earth and was cold and dry (Gill 2017). Conditions were treated by using remedies that were from the opposite humor. If a person had a condition that was thought to be caused by blood, which is hot and moist, it would be treated with remedies associated with black bile, which is cold and dry (Gill 2017). Medicine at this time also began to become separated from the church which led to an increase in the dissection of cadavers as well as more accurate anatomical drawings and descriptions such as those done by Fallopius and Leonardo Da Vinci. The renaissance also led to the introduction of improvements in medical practices and understanding, such as the practice of dressing a wound during surgery instead of cauterizing it to stop blood flow, and explanations of disease transmission (History 2018). Although these new advancements were being discovered, they were still often rejected, and superstitions and traditional practices such as bloodletting and leeches were still being implemented (Intro to Healthcare and EuroHistoryMed 2012). Fallopius' contributions to the medical field were vast and covered many body systems. Many of these contributions were discovered through the dissection of cadavers, which are human corpses. These cadavers would not only those of adults, but also those of fetuses, newborns, and young children (Whonamedit 2018). One of the body systems that Fallopius greatly contributed to was the skeletal system with contributions including descriptions of the semicircular canals which are fluid-filled bones in the ear that are responsible for balance and descriptions on the development of bones. Fallopius also described the formation of the bone of the sternum through ossification, the primary dentition of teeth during infancy, and the change from primary (baby) teeth to permanent (adult) teeth. He also disproved the belief that teeth and bones develop from the same tissue and Aristotle's claim that the bones of a lion are solid and contain no bone marrow (Whonamedit 2018). Fallopius work also greatly contributed to the modern understanding of the reproductive system. Within this system, Fallopius discovered and gave the first description of the fallopian tubes which connect the ovaries to the uterus, allow for ovulation and pregnancy, and are subsequently named after him. He also described and provided the scientific names for the vagina, placenta, and clitoris, and disproved that the penis enters the uterus during intercourse (Gabriel and Whonamedit 2018). Fallopius also contributed to the understanding of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and their prevention. His work on STDs primarily focused on syphilis as it had been rapidly spreading at that time. This was done through a study Fallopius conducted where he had 1,100 men use a contraceptive of his design during intercourse and observed to see if they later developed syphilis. The contraceptive he constructed consisted of a sheath that went over the penis that was held in place by a bow. When his trial concluded, none the men had developed the disease. (Whonamedit 2018).Gabriel Fallopius' work has had a profound effect on the current state of modern medicine and healthcare. First, his work on the skeletal system has allowed for a modern understanding of conditions that affect the bones such as osteoporosis. It has also lead to a greater understanding of the development of the bones and teeth from infancy to adulthood. Within the reproductive system, his work has allowed for advancements in fields and procedures that involve the female reproductive system such as gynecology and childbirth. Lastly, his studies pertaining to the prevention of syphilis has led to modern measures for prevention against sexually transmitted diseases through developments such as the latex condom and education about protected intercourse. His discoveries have led to the betterment of mankind and his accomplishments have made it clear that he is an influential figure in the history medicine.

Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System

ATTENDANCE MONITORING WITH PAYROLL SYSTEM FOR CYCLEMAR CALOOCAN CORPORATION A System Analysis and Design Project Presented to Quezon City Polytechnic University San Bartolome In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology by: Tahum, Marilyn T. Desuyo, Gilbert D. Co, Joseph Darwin C. Lim, Tom Angel L. Professor : Mary Joy D. Vinas Professor : Elimar Ravina October 2011 SAD COORDINATOR AND IS’s HEAD ACCEPTANCE SHEET This System Analysis and Design Project entitled ATTENDANCE MONITORING WITH PAYROLL SYSTEM FOR CYCLEMAR CALOOCAN CORPORATION After having been recommended and approved is hereby accepted by the Information technology Department of Quezon City Polytechnic University – San Bartolome ______________________ Ms. Lorena A. Tayamora SAD Coordinator ______________________ Ms. Maria Aura Impang IS Head October 3, 2011 PANEL’S APPROVAL SHEET This System Analysis and Design Project entitled ATTENDANCE MONITORING WITH PAYROLL SYSTEM FOR CYCLEMAR CALOOCAN CORPORATION developed by: Desuyo, Gilbert D. Co, Joseph Darwin C. Lim, Tom Angel L. Tahum, Marilyn T. after having been presented is hereby approved y the following members of the panel _____________________________________ Panelist Panelist October 3, 2011 October 3, 2011 ______________________ Lead Panelist October 3, 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Above all, the proponents would like to thank the ever loving God for giving them the wisdom and patience to finish this research. The researchers would like to express their sincerest gratitude to their parents for t heir untiring support emotionally and financially. The proponents are also thankful to Professor Mary Joy D. Vinas for editing the first, second and third chapters of this research. Special thanks to their parents, and friends who supported them. The proponents would like to extend their appreciation to Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation who willingly cooperates for the said study. To their classmates who have given full support and assurance, thank you for your time and effort. To all the people who have been the instruments for the accomplishment of this research, thank you very much!!! ABSTRACT Title:â€Å"ATTENDANCE MONITORING WITH PAYROLL SYSTEM† Proponents: GILBERT D. DESUYO JOSEPH DARWIN C. CO TOM ANGEL L. LIM MARILYN TAHUM Professor: Prof. Mary Joy Daniel Vinas Prof. Elimar Ravina Degree: Bachelor of Science in Information Technology Date Completed: October 2011 Statement of the Problem The CYCLEMAR CALOOCAN CORPORATION is a company located at 10th avenue Caloocan City. By conducting a company visit and interviews, the proponents found out that the company uses a Bundy clock in their attendance monitoring and using a manual process for the payroll. A problem that is observed using the manual system is the waste of time or the speed of the process in each payslip. Another problem is a secure place for record. From used time cards and payslips, the company’s staffs use ledgers for the transactions. As a solution to this, the proponents proposed a computerized system to be evaluated by Cyclemar. The proponents believe that the computerized system can give solution to their problems. Through computerization, these monitoring can be processed with increased speed, since their sheer volume would easily overwhelm any manual system. In developing the system, the proponents have gathered the knowledge, software and hardware requirements that are necessary for the evaluation of the computerized system. In the end of the study, the proponents expect good results at the end of the evaluation. Hypothesis There is significant difference between the proposed and the existing system in terms of accuracy, effectiveness, reliability, security and speed. Methodology The proponents used questionnaires for the gathering of data needed in determining the problems met by the employees of the Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation. Informal interview, observations and actual experiences of one of the proponents were also included in constructing the questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of criteria that measure the manual system in terms of accuracy, effectiveness, reliability, security and speed. The first draft of the questionnaire was submitted to the professor of the proponents for corrections and suggestions. After the validity and reliability of the questionnaire has been established, the investigators then sought the approval of their Professor as well as the Manager of the Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation to allow them to conduct the study. After the approval of these authorities, the proponents’ administered the questionnaires. By the time the survey questionnaires were answered by the respondents, the proponents had gathered before the results were tallied for evaluation and interpretation. The employees of Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation were the respondents of this study. In finding out the problems, the employees and regular members were the source of data. On the other hand, the employees were the ones to evaluate the performance of the existing and the proposed system. Findings The findings of this study are presented as follows: 1. The proponents found out that the following features should be included in the proposed system to design a system that can provide information repository for the Attendance Monitoring and Accounting transactions in a computerized format, and that is capable of adding, computing, editing, deleting employees, searching records and generating reports: a. Easy access buttons b. Search bars c. Graphic for the interface d. Summary/history of the payroll transactions e. Generated reports f. Automatic computation g. Different level of access h. Error messages for wrong inputs i. Restoration of database j. Back-up for database k. Shortcut keys l. Database for username and password 2. The proponents found out that 100% of the employees believed that automatic computation and search bars should be included in the system to eliminate the burden in payroll transactions and in searching and retrieving employee’s records. Second to the most needed features for the proposed system is the automatic computation in which accurate result will be computed in a short period of time. Additionally the proponents found out that there is no significant difference between the proposed and the existing system in terms of accuracy, effectiveness, reliability, security and speed. The computed t-value of the proposed and existing system generally is greater than the critical value; hence the null hypothesis is rejected. Conclusions The proponents conclude that the most common problem of the company is the speed for which 27% of the employees believed that the system is speedy or 73% believed that the existing system does cause frequent delays in the company’s payroll transactions. In the proposed system in which the employees were the evaluator in terms of the five criteria stated above, the arithmetic weighted mean of speed increases from 2. 15 or â€Å"fair† in the existing system to 4. 2 or â€Å"excellent† in the proposed system. It shows that the proposed system will help the employees to handle membership application; savings deposit transaction, withdrawal of savings transaction, loan approval transaction, and loan release and loan payment in a speedy way. Recommendations Based on the findings and conclusion derived from this study, the proponents post the following recommendations: 1. The Attendance Monitoring with Payroll system of Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation will be implemented in the company so that the time-consuming and complex log-in/log-out of the employees will be simplified and speedy. . Digital signatures such as bar code reader will be used to determine the employee’s identity. 3. The payroll of the employees in the Accounting section will be included in the system. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page †¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ i Acceptance Sheet†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ii Approval Sheet†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦iii Dedication †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ iv Acknowledgement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. vi Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. vii List of Tables†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦xii List of Figures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. xiv CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Background of the Study1 Organizational Directory 1. Organizational Chart2 2. Duties and Responsibility3 Objectives of the Study 10 1. General Objectives10 2. Specific Objectives10 Significance of the Study11 Scope and Limitation13 Scopeof the Study13 Limitations of the Study13 Definition of Terms 14 CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Foreign and Local Literature16 Foreign and Local Studies18 Methodology of the Study20 1. Theoretical Framework22 2. Conceptual Framework24 CHAPTER IIISYSTEM PLANNINGA. Description of the Existing System27 1. Context Diagram27 2. DFD Diagram28 B. Problem Definition30 1. Problem Description30 2. Anticipated Business Benefits30 3. System Capabilities31 C. Project Feasibility32 1. Project Development Cost32 2. Cost – Benefit Analysis33 a. Existing System33 b. Proposed System37 CHAPTER IVSYSTEM ANALYSISA. Information Gathering Tools and Techniques41 1. Questionnaire41 2. Interview Guide41 B. Description of the Proposed System42 C. System Requirement Model421. Event Table42 2. Context Diagram/DFD Diagram/Use Case Diagram43 3. System Flowchart/Activity Diagram/Sequence Diagram45 4. Location Diagram50 CHAPTER VSYSTEM DESIGN A. Systems Design Models51 1. Screen Layout51 2. Report Layout55 B. Database Design56 1. Table Description in Normalized Form56 2. Table Relationships/Entity Relationship Diagram57 3. Data Structure58 4. Data Dictionary60 CHAPTER VIRECOMMENDATIONConclusion 62 Justification63 APPENDIX Project Schedule and Work Assignment / Gantt ChartA CertificationsB Transcript of InterviewC Survey Forms/ QuestionnairesD Sample Forms and ReportsE Screen Design F .User’s ManualG Program ListingH Floor Plan / Network LayoutI On Field PhotographJ BIBLIOGRAPHY PERSONAL VITAE CHAPTER  I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Background of the Study Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation has a current system that is accessible to all employees. Which found out that Bundy clock is used to monitor their employee’s attendance and for their payroll. The system cannot provide the convenience because of lack of organize records. The system is also not reliable for departments because it is not updated and possible to loss of data. Mr. Romeo Bautista is the owner of Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation located at 336 10th Avenue Grace Park Caloocan City. In 1962, Mr. Bautista started a business by selling of bicycles and spare parts with a few employees then, the number of employees increased up to present date with multiple numbers of employees and five (5) departments. In 1969, the company started selling motorcycles and spare parts, and then in 1985, they built motorcycle units with spare parts. This is the place where you can buy genuine, OEM and replacement parts for Kawasaki, Yamaha, Suzuki, Honda, China and Taiwan motorcycles and scooters and wide and secured space for repairs and installment of accessories for your motorcycle and/or scooter. They also are accepting wholesale and retail of motorcycle spare parts. And now they are looking forward to become one of the Philippines’ leading suppliers of bikes and motorcycle. Currently, the company is successful since its establishment in 1962. Organizational directory 1. Organizational Chart Figure 1. 1 Organizational chart 2. Duties and Responsibility Accountant †¢ Prepare profit and loss statements and monthly closing and cost accounting reports. †¢ Compile and analyze financial information to prepare entries to accounts, such as general ledger accounts, and document business transactions. Establish, maintain, and coordinate the implementation of accounting and accounting control procedures. †¢ Analyze and review budgets and expenditures for local, state, federal, and private funding, contracts, and grants. †¢ Monitor and review accounting and related system reports for accuracy and completeness. †¢ Prepare and review budget, revenue, expense , payroll entries, invoices, and other accounting documents. †¢ Analyze revenue and expenditure trends and recommend appropriate budget levels, and ensure expenditure control. †¢ Explain billing invoices and accounting policies to staff, vendors and clients. Resolve accounting discrepancies. †¢ Recommend, develop and maintain financial data bases, computer software systems and manual filing systems. †¢ Supervise the input and handling of financial data and reports for the company's automated financial systems. †¢ Interact with internal and external auditors in completing audits. †¢ Other duties as assigned Human Resource Management †¢Employment and Recruiting: Interviewing, recruiting, testing, temporary labor coordination. †¢Training and Development Orientation, performance management, skills training, productivity enhancement. †¢Compensation Wage and salary administration, job descriptions, executive compensation, incentive pay, job evaluation. †¢Benefits Insurance, vacation leave administration, retirement plans, profit sharing, stock plans. †¢Employee Services Employee assistance programs, relocation services, outplacement services. †¢Employee and Community Relations Attitude surveys, labor relations, publications, labor law compliance, discipline †¢Personnel Records Information system records. †¢Health and Safety Safety inspection, drug testing, health, and wellness. †¢Strategic Planning International human resources, forecasting, planning, mergers and acquisitions. Sales Executive Maintain Market Awareness †¢ In order to tailor their sales pitches, sales executives need to keep abreast of changes in the market that impact their target audience. They must understand dips and rises in demand for clients' products, lifetime and wear of machinery, and changes in the stock market that may hinder sales. In addition, they should be aware of the sales strategies of competitors, both for their business and their clients' businesses. The more alert a sales executive is, the more accurately the needs of customers are targeted and new market opportunities identified. Meet a Bottom Line †¢ Most sales executives have quarterly and annual sales goals that they strive to meet throughout the year. To do so, they attempt to convince existing clients to increase their purchases from the company–a process which is called â€Å"upselling†Ã¢â‚¬â€œor search for new clients. Often, sales executives operate on the idea that it takes less effort to retain current customers than to find new ones, and, therefore, focus their energy on upselling. Maintain Relationships †¢ A sales executive is often a master of relationships with clients, vendors and employees. A good relationship can lead to new sales leads, increased purchasing and referrals. Sales executives put a great deal of time and energy into creating and nurturing their relationships, and make a point to offer value and opportunity wherever possible. Manage a Territory †¢ Depending on the nature of a business, a sales executive may be responsible for taking care of clients in a geographic region and be the person called with problems. Managing a specific sales territory often involves travel to meet with customers and suppliers to ensure that operations are smooth and to reinforce the strength of the relationship. Negotiate Contracts †¢ For ongoing projects or large orders, a sales executive is responsible for negotiating the terms of the sale and drawing up a contract. This ensures that both parties understand what is and is not included in the order and protects against liability. In the sale of equipment, for example, a sales executive may negotiate prices for the setup, installation and testing, in addition to the initial purchase. Retail Salesmen Sales †¢ Retail salesmen often make sales presentations to customers. They may show customers a variety of products and explain the features and benefits of each, to help the customer make an informed decision about a purchase. They also inform the customer of any sales or promotions that are currently underway or happening in the near future. Once the customer makes a decision, the salesman may also process the transaction. Customer Service †¢ Retail salesmen assist customers in locating store merchandise and handling product returns. Some salesmen may customize a product to meet a customer's needs, such as in a men's clothing store, where a salesman measures a customer for a suit fitting. They may also assist customers by carrying large items, like televisions, to their cars. Merchandising †¢ When there are no customers in their department or in the store, salesmen may perform merchandising functions. This includes building product displays and rearranging products on the shelf in accordance with a predetermined layout, known as a planogram. They may also change pricing on sales and promotional items. Store Operations †¢ In some retail establishments the salesmen will be responsible for opening or closing a store. If opening a store, the salesman must arrive in advance of the opening time to ensure that the store is ready for the day's customers. When closing, duties may include reconciling cash registers and taking the day's cash receipts to the bank for deposit. Management Functions †¢ Some salesmen may also have the responsibility of managing a department in addition to their sales duties. This can involve ordering merchandise, making work schedules and supervising the activities of other salesmen. Department managers are usually held accountable for the profitability of their departments in addition to making sales. Maintenance Manager †¢ Build a well-operated maintenance team. †¢ Assist and supervise maintenance team to handle all maintenance works. †¢ Maintain and manage highly automated office equipment. †¢ Maintain efficiency levels. †¢ Prepare maintenance budget. †¢ Initiate spare parts planning and second sourcing. †¢ Support staff and personnel to improve output achievements. †¢ Review and evaluate maintenance operations. †¢ Improvise maintenance operations to save on costs and work time. †¢ Implement best practices, standards and procedures in all maintenance functionalities. Office Staff Capable of handling day to day office work like filing, bank related work, other domestic work. †¢ Assisting in office chores †¢ Co-coordinating with vendors. Maintenance Staff Background †¢ Though specialists can develop expertise in only one trade like carpentry or plumbing, maintenance workers must be skilled in several crafts so that t hey can work on all problems that develop in a business. Duties †¢ Maintenance workers repair and maintain machines, diagnose and repair electrical or plumbing problems, paint and fix the facility structure, and adjust computer, heating or cooling systems. Objectives of the Study 1. General Objective †¢ The main objective of the study is to enhance the attendance monitoring system using a barcode scanner that will improve the daily attendance as well as salary process of each employee efficient. 2. Specific Objectives †¢ The study aims to have user maintenance that will secure the system towards the non-trusted personnel or those people outside the office. †¢ The study aims to create a difference from their current when it comes to the design. †¢ The study aims to strengthen a module for attendance monitoring of the employees. The study aims to developed efficiently salary of each employee †¢ The study aims to create a module that will give a summarize list of report of the payroll of the employees. Significance of the Study This study will have significant effort in promoting the good work environment in workplace and motivations of its employees. This will become beneficial to the employer and employee in str ategic management. By understanding the attendance monitoring and benefits of payroll processing, this research will be assured of a competitive advantage. Moreover, this study will be helpful to the management and business practitioners in training and informing them in the area of human resources management, objectives, and strategies. It will also serve as a future reference for researchers on the subject of human resources and corporate companies. And importantly, this research will educate employee in deciding on whether an industry e. g. business industry is really fulfilling its responsibility to the community or is just showing off to promote the management. COMPANY After the implementation, the system will be able to meet all the need of the company regarding the attendance monitoring and payroll process made in the company. It also provides efficient ways on the employees’ record. MANAGEMENT Regarding the attendance monitoring with payroll made in the company, the management will also be benefited when it comes to managing and manipulating payroll process. It also provides reports that will help the management to view all records of the employee study made inside. PERSONNEL Personnel and staff/employee will be the only that is most important because they are the one who will used and focus the system. They will have a clear understanding about the system because of the clear and appropriate design made by the proponents. They will also have a convenient and easy monitoring of Daily Time Record (DTR) of the employees. PROPONENTS This project helps the proponent to enhance their technical skills, communication skills, project management skills, interpersonal skills and also in programming skills. Aside from that, the proponent will have a better understanding regarding the attendance monitoring with payroll system by the management. Scope and Limitation Scope of the study This study â€Å"Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System† will enhance the capability of the attendance in Cyclemar Corporation by changing from Bundy clock to Bar code reader monitoring device of the employee for making efficient payroll system. It includes the features that can Add Employees record, Edit Employees information, Delete Employees record, print / Save the Pay Slip of each employee and Updating Employees information as well as the Weekly Salary, Cash advance, the rate per day, overtime, Gross payment, Net pay, and Deduction such as withholding tax and SSS, adding up with a log-in log-out process for security purpose. Limitation of the study The study, â€Å"Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System† does not cover the attendance of executive staff such as the Owner, trainees and security staff such as the security guard due to the company pays them through a security agency. Also the study does not cover the sales and inventory of the company and the Accounting department will only use the system for the salaries and wages of the employees and other accounting functions are not covered. Also the HR department will only use to check and verify the attendance of the employees and does not cover the other functions of the HR such as hiring new employees. /Definition of Terms Attendance: the number of employees present Barcode reader:   Is an electronic device for reading printed  barcodes. Like a  flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones. Additionally, nearly all barcode readers contain  decoder  circuitry analyzing the barcode's image data provided by the sensor and sending the barcode's content to the scanner's utput port. Bundy Clock: A time clock, sometimes known as a clock card machine or punch clock or time recorder. Computer software: Is the collection of computer programs and related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do. Database:   Is an organized collection of  data  for one or more purposes, usually in digital form. The data are typi cally organized to model relevant aspects of reality. DTR: Daily Time Record list of the log-in / log-out record of the employee. Employee: A person in the service of another under any contract of hire, express or implied, oral or written, where the employer has the power or right to control and direct the employee in the material details of how the work is to be performed. Lilo: Log-in and Log-out. Operating system (OS): Is a set of system software programs in a computer that regulate the ways application software programs use the computer hardware and the ways that users control the computer. Original equipment manufacturer (OEM): Refers to the company that originally manufactured the product. When referring to automotive parts, OEM designates a replacement part made by the manufacturer of the original part. Pay slip:   Is traditionally a paper document (a  cheque) issued by an  employer  to  pay  an employee  for services rendered. In recent times, the physical paycheck has been increasingly replaced by electronic  direct deposit  to bank accounts. Such employees may still receive a pay slip, but any attached cheque is marked as  non-negotiable  and cannot be cashed. Payroll:   Is the sum of all  financial  records of  salaries  for an employee,  wages, bonuses and  deductions. In accounting, payroll refers to the amount paid to employees for services they provided during a certain period of time. SQL: (Structured Query Language) is a  programming language  designed for managing data in  relational database management systems  (RDBMS). System: a system of elements that cross in the manner of threads in a net that are related or connected may fluctuate in quantity and value. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC): Is the process of creating or altering systems, and the models and methodologies that people use to develop of these systems. Visual Basic . NET (VB. NET): Is a version of Microsoft's Visual Basic that was designed, as part of the company's . NET product group, to make Web services applications easier to develop. CHAPTER  II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Foreign and Local Literature Foreign Literature According to Primer (2005), for many businesses automating the collecting of employee attendance data when employees begin their shifts is still a manual  process. Even business that has automated or computerized processes such as scheduling, inventory, purchasing, general ledger and payroll processing still use manual methods such as time cards or attendance sheets to collect time and attendance data. NOVAtime (2007), the system that will give management the power to not only utilize the tools we have available to us today, but will continue to grow and evolve, giving it the capability to incorporate and utilize the tools the new millennium promises to bring us. NOVAtime has brought a system designed for growth while maintaining the maximum in flexibility. Where the sophistication lies within the programmed mechanism of the system, allowing for a quick and simple implementation and employee training cycle. After all the true test of a system is not only in the production and wealth of  reporting, but in the simplicity and ease of its operation, in conjunction with a simple and accommodating implementation program. Local Literature Aquilan (2004) made a comparable thesis on the automation of time attendance that records the time in and time out of every employee using barcode system. It tends to eliminate the manual recording system of time and attendance and also include salary computation of each employee based on the time and attendance reports. Ramon Faloran (2005) wrote in the article â€Å"The Computer Edge of the New Employment and Opportunities â€Å"in the Philippine Daily Inquirer. He stated that computer gives you a different feeling about what is happening in the company. Business will be highly competitive and innovative because the computer provides instant information. Cantoma (2004) in her thesis entitled â€Å"Computer Library System for St. James Academy† stated that, in manual system in retrieving, maintaining security and piling records take place because of the years gone by. Furthermore, these files were only kept in envelopes and folders in wooden rocks. There are also instances when the right information is given to a wrong person, which affect quality of service. Foreign and Local Studies Foreign Study Columbia State Community College (2006) uses computer identification account (Log In Name and Password) for access to the institutions computer usage logs occurs electrically through the individual users log in/out process. Users are also informed that they are responsible for any computer file’s, database and/or  internet sites that are accessed through their computer identification account, notwithstanding their failure to adhere to the log in/out process, on their voluntary  publication of their account information to others. Local Studies Mendrez (2007) made a similar study for Vision Designer Inc. It has an identification machine aimed at verifying a person entering through the swiping of  identification cards. After entering their given code number, the identification cards are swiped in the machines card reader to trigger the verification. If access granted, the micro switch will then automatically unlock to allow enter. This will help a lot in monitoring attendances accurately and more precise. A group of computer engineers in Rebisco Biscuits Corporation proposed a thesis report for what is the same Innodata Corps is implementing right now computerized daily time record as an alternative for Bundy clock. The means of  getting inside the company premises is by swiping cards into a machine that reads every record of each employee then monitor and displays the time a particular  employee logs in and out. In the 2005 annual report of the Forest Products Research and Development Institute under the Department of Science and Technology, it is said that,   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The computerized database and attendance on Forest Products Research and Development Institute was designed to facilitate the Institute's data entry,  processing, computation and maintenance of employee time and attendance transactions. The system allows employees to log in/out as the swipe their IDs through a barcode reader attached to a computer terminal. The processing forms include those for legal holidays, travel order, tardiness, under time, vacation and sick  leave. Pertinent Report forms have been designed for easier access to all these data. Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System is the key to proficient and successful time tracking and management in your workplace. It is a software-based time and attendance system that allows the user to collect and organize employee time data simply and accurately. You can use our system to: †¢ Easily and efficiently track your employee time. †¢ Manage your time & attendance data and employee profiles. †¢ Reduce the headaches and time associated with payroll. Best of all, Our Attendance Monitoring with Payroll System can quickly pay for itself in time savings, reduction of time theft and elimination of payroll errors. Methodology of the Study Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Model Employee The relevance of System Development Life Cycle to this study is that it typically provides an approach in problem solving and is made up of several phases. The SDLC approach explains that a project must have requirement analysis and how project planning begins that is essential for this research. The proponents use a use case diagram because it describes a sequence of actions that provide something of measurable value to an actor and is drawn as a horizontal ellipse. This study need to use an Use Case Development life Cycle because it typically explain the activities performed in a software development project such as requirements description of steps or actions between a user or â€Å"actor† and a software system which leads the user towards something useful. The proponents chose this because documentation is produced at an early stage of the development. The requirement analysis identifies and defines the need for the new system. It analyzes the information needs of the end users and creates a blueprint with the necessary specifications for the hardware, software, people and data resources. In the design phase, the proponents made a plan on how to solve the problems specified by the requirement document. It is also in this phase where the proponents identified the modules to be developed on the software to produce the desired results 1. Theoretical Framework Figure 2. 2 The diagram in figure 2. shows the theoretical framework of Attendance Monitoring with Payroll system. The study was from the concept of Transaction Processing System (TPS). The input starts when the employee log-in and log-out through barcode reader, in which the system will automatically read each barcode ID. The process inside the system includes the process being made between the employee and accounting department. The system computes the number of hours which the employee attendance by the Daily time Record (DTR), the attendance made as well as payroll. The system also store and display data about how employee transact with the accounting department. The attendance report by the company was recorded in the database. All process being made is recorded in the system. As a log-in and log-out being processed by the system, it is capable of generating reports like the number of hour attends; taxes, net par and gross pay as well as salary. This process will serve as a summary of information from the system as an attendance monitoring. 2. Conceptual framework On the basis of the foregoing concepts, theories, and findings of related literature, studies and insights taken from them, a conceptual model is develop as shown below: |INPUT | |PROCESS | |OUTPUT | |   | |   | |   | |Knowledge Requirements | |System Analysis | | | |a. Barcode reader | | | |Attendance monitoring using | | | | | |barcode reader with payroll | | | |a. Requirement Analysis | |system for CycleMar Caloocan | | | |b. Requirement Definition | |Corporation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Software Design | | | |a. Windows 7 OS | |a. Software Engineering | |   | |b. Visual Studio 9 | | Life Cycle | |   | |c. MySQL | |b. System Flowchart | |   | |   | |c. Context Diagram | |   | |Hardware Requirements | |d. Data Flow Diagram | |   | |- 1GB Memory | |   | |   | |-Intel Dual Core | |System Development | |   | |-Optical Mouse | |a. Scheduling of Activities | |   | |-barcode reader | |b. Program Coding | |   | |   | |   | |   | |   | |   | |   | | | |   | |   | Figure 2. 3 INPUT 1. Knowledge Requirements The following are the knowledge requirements for the study. The proponents must have knowledge on barcode reader. The team must also have knowledge regarding Payroll system how they work and processes involved inside attendance monitoring with payroll system. 2. Software Requirements These are the software requirements of the system. The proponents used Windows 7 as their Operating System and Visual Studio 9 as their programming language. In their system database, the proponents used MySQL for storing of data and information. 3. Hardware Requirements There are two hardware requirements for the study. The processor of the computer must at least be Pentium IV and the RAM memory is 1GB. Barcode reader will be used to scan the barcode image printed in the employees ID. PROCESS 1. System Analysis The proponents must analyze the company's problem in order to design a system based on the needs of the company. They identified the company’s problem and specify a solution according to the problem. The proponents conducted interview and gathered information about the process under existing system of the company. 2. System Design The proponents designed a computerized system on attendance monitoring and payroll system. The number of hours will be recorded to the computer-based log-in and log-out system database. If an employee scans his/her Identification Card (ID), the system will record his/her log-in time and when the employee logs-out, the employee will scan again his/her I. D. Then when the payday comes, the accountant will release the pay slip of the employees. 3. System Development The proponents had six (6) months to do the research. In the first two months, the team gathered all the needed information for the study. On the third month, the team made the system’s flowchart and program flowchart. The third and fourth months, the team did the encoding of program, the making and designing of the database, connecting the barcode device to the system and database. On the fifth and sixth months, the system was evaluated and tested according to its function. The proponents expected the barcode reader was to be more or less than Php 2,000. 00 I. OUTPUT After the planning stage, gathering of relevant information, making and debugging the program and after six consecutive months of making the study, the computerized log-in and log-out was developed. The performance of this system will be tested by conducting lot of testing for trial and error. The system was evaluated by the company. CHAPTER  III SYSTEM PLANNING A. Description of the Existing System 1. Context Diagram Figure 3. 1 Context Diagram of attendance monitoring with payroll system 2. Data Flow Diagram Figure 3. 2. 1 attendance monitoring with payroll system Figure 3. 2. 2 Extracted data flow diagram for attendance monitoring. B. Problem Definition 1. Problem Description CycleMar Caloocan Corporation has a multiple number of employees that they managed in every department especially in the Retails and Whole Sales department. The problem was in the Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System. The company was using a Bundy Clock for their Attendance monitoring of the employees. The Bundy clock will not run if there’s no time card. The problem occurs when the records of the Attendance is being process for their Payroll System. When the payroll was process, they will record the attendance of each employee manually. So, the attendance records of the employees save manually and it takes a lot of time consuming to do that. The other problem is the space need to store the used time cards. In the payroll system, they compute manually depend on the level of the salaries and deductions of each employee. 2. Anticipated Business Benefits The company benefits to be obtained from the new system for Attendance Monitoring for Payroll System for CycleMar Caloocan Corporation are to integrate its technological component. More immediate benefits include the following: †¢ Computerized attendance Monitoring System †¢ Reduce data redundancy †¢ User friendly Monitoring System for Payroll System †¢ Easy to identify records †¢ Have a database server to support the monitoring and payroll records †¢ Secure records and information of the entire system †¢ Have a data report †¢ Process transaction efficiency 3. System Capabilities To obtain corporation benefit listed previously, the users support subsystem will include the following capabilities. SUBSYSTEMS |CAPABILITIES | |Attendance Monitoring |Computerize Login and Logout to record data. | | |Have an efficient Attendance Monitoring. | | |Have a new and Effective device. (Barcode Reader) for employee’s ID. | |Application (Employee) |Eas y to record a new employees. | | |Update employee’s record. | | |Maintain reliable storage information of each employee. | |Payroll |Have reliable records of the employees to compute salaries. | |Maintain reliable storage information of each employee in terms of salaries. | Figure 3. 1 system capabilities C. Project Feasibility 1. Project Development Cost Personnel |Position |Salary | |Project Manager |PHP 25,000. 00 | |Senior Technical Specialist |PHP 20,000. 00 | |System Analyst |PHP 17,500. 0 | |Database Analyst |PHP 16,500. 00 | |Programmer |PHP 15,000. 00 | |Total |PHP 94,000. 00 | Hardware |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |3 |Intel Celeron (PC Set) |PHP 11,960. 00 |PHP 35,880. 0 | |1 |C10-W |PHP 1,580. 00 |PHP 1,580. 00 | | |Contact Barcode Scanner | | | |1 |TP-Link SF-1008D 8-port Switch |PHP 720. 00 |PHP 720. 00 | | |(Network Switch) | | | |3 |APC BE-500R-PH ES500va black |PHP 2,540. 00 |PHP 7,620. 0 | | |(UPS/AVR) | | | | | |PHP 16,800. 00 |PHP 45,800. 00 | Software |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |3 |Microsoft Windows 7 Professional|PHP 7,160. 00 |PHP 21,480. 00 | |2 |Microsoft Office 2010 Home and |PHP 9,330. 00 |PHP 18,660. 0 | | |Business | | | | | |PHP 16,490. 00 |PHP 40,140. 00 | Furniture and Fixtures |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |2 |Computer Chair |PHP 770 |PHP 2,310. 00 | |3 |Office Table |PHP 900 |PHP 2,700. 0 | | | |PHP 1,670. 00 |PHP 5,010. 00 | Expenses |Particular |Amount | |Training Expenses |PHP 15,000. 00 | |Transportation |PHP 3,000. 00 | | |PHP 18,000. 00 | Summary Particular |Amount | |Personnel |PHP 94,000. 00 | |Hardware |PHP 45,800. 00 | |Software |PHP 40,140. 00 | |Furniture and Fixture |PHP 5,010. 00 | |Expenses |PHP 18,000. 0 | | |PHP 202,950. 00 | 2. Cost – Benefit Analysis |Personnel |Number |No. of Working Days |Hours/Day |Rate/Day | |Accountant Head |1 |20,000. 00 |20,000. 00 |240,000. 00 | |Accountant |10 |12,000. 00 |12,000. 00 |144,000. 00 | |Office Staff |40 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 0 | |Secretary |7 |9,000. 00 |9,000. 00 |108,000. 00 | |Sales Executive Head |1 |15,000. 00 |15,000. 00 |180,000. 00 | |Sales Executive |10 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Sales Staff |10 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Retail Head |1 |22,000. 00 |22,000. 00 |264,000. 0 | |Sales Staff |50 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Maintenance Head |1 |25,000. 00 |25,000. 00 |300,000. 00 | |Maintenance Staff |50 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Service Advisor |20 |12,000. 00 |12,000. 00 |144,000. 00 | |Unit Head |1 |25,000. 0 |25,000. 00 |300,000. 00 | |Unit Staff |30 |9,500. 00 |9,500. 00 |114,000. 00 | | | | |2,187,178. 00 |2,394,000. 00 | Hardware |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |1 |Bundy Clock |3,500. 00 |3,500. 00 | Stationeries and Supplies Quantity |Particular |Price |Total | |200 pieces |Time Card |119. 75 |239. 50 | |1 pieces |Ball pen |15. 00 |15. 00 | | | | |254. 50 | Expenses |Particular |Amount | |Hardwar e |PHP 3,500. 0 | |Stationeries and Supplies |PHP 254. 50 | |Total |PHP 3,754. 50 | Summary Existing Cost |Particular |Amount | |Personnel |PHP 2,394,000. 00 | |Expenses |PHP 3,754. 0 | |Total |PHP 2,397,754. 50 | Present Value Analysis |Year |Present Value (15%) |Existing System | |0 |1. 000 |2,397,754. 50 | |1 |0. 869 |2,083,648. 600 | |2 |0. 756 |1,812,702. 02 | |3 |0. 657 |1,575,324. 706 | |4 |0. 572 |1,372,515. 574 | |5 |0. 497 |1,191,683. 986 | |6 |0. 432 |1,035,829. 944 | | | |11,469,459. 712 | An Analysis and Design of Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation B. Cost Analysis of the Proposed System Personnel Monthly Salary |Personnel |Number |No. of Working Days |Hours/Day |Rate/Day | |System Administrator |2 |13,000. 00 |13,000. 00 |312,000. 00 | |Accountant Head |1 |20,000. 00 |20,000. 00 |240,000. 00 | |Accountant |10 |12,000. 00 |12,000. 00 |144,000. 0 | |Office Staff |40 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Secretary |7 |9,000. 00 |9,000. 00 |108,000. 00 | |Sales Executive Head |1 |15,000. 00 |15,000. 00 |180,000. 00 | |Sales Executive |10 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Sales Staff |10 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 0 | |Retail Head |1 |22,000. 00 |22,000. 00 |264,000. 00 | |Sales Staff |50 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Maintenance Head |1 |25,000. 00 |25,000. 00 |300,000. 00 | |Maintenance Staff |50 |10,000. 00 |10,000. 00 |120,000. 00 | |Service Advisor |20 |12,000. 00 |12,000. 00 |144,000. 0 | |Unit Head |1 |25,000. 00 |25,000. 00 |300,000. 00 | |Unit Staff |30 |9,500. 00 |9,500. 00 |114,000. 00 | | | | |2,200,178. 00 |2,706,000. 00 | Hardware |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |3 |Intel Celeron (PC Set) |PHP 11,960. 00 |PHP 35,880. 0 | |1 |C10-W |PHP 1,580. 00 |PHP 1,580. 00 | | |Contact Barcode Scanner | | | |1 |TP-Link SF-1008D 8-port Switch |PHP 720. 00 |PHP 720. 00 | | |(Network Switch) | | | |3 |APC BE-500R-PH ES500va black |PHP 2,540. 00 |PHP 7,620. 0 | | |(UPS/AVR) | | | | | |PHP 16,800. 00 |PHP 45,800. 00 | Software |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |3 |Microsoft Windows 7 Professional|PHP 7,160. 00 |PHP 21,480. 00 | |2 |Microsoft Office 2010 Home and |PHP 9,330. 00 |PHP 18,660. 0 | | |Business | | | | | |PHP 16,490. 00 |PHP 40,140. 00 | Furniture and Fixtures |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total Price | |2 |Computer Chair |PHP 770 |PHP 2,310. 00 | |3 |Office Table |PHP 900 |PHP 2,700. 0 | | | |PHP 1,670. 00 |PHP 5,010. 00 | Stationeries and Supplies |Quantity |Particular |Price |Total | |5 Ream |Bond Paper |185. 00 |925. 00 | |24 |Black Ink |50. 00 |1,200. 00 | |24 |Color Ink |90. 0 |2,160. 00 | | | | |4,285. 00 | Expenses |Particular |Existing System |Proposed System | |Personnel |2,394,000. 00 |2,706,000. 00 | |Hardware |3,500. 00 |45,800. 00 | |Software |0. 0 |40,140. 00 | |Furniture and Fixtures |0. 00 |5,010. 00 | |Stationeries and Supplies |254. 50 |4,285. 00 | |Equipment Annual Maintenance |—————— |36,000. 00 | |Total |2,397,754. 50 |2,837,235. 00 | CHAPTER  IV SYSTEM ANALYSIS INFORMATION GATHERING TOOL AND TECHNIQUES A. Questionnaire This questionnaire is distributed in order to gather information regarding the role of personality questionnaire in human resource processes as well as its advantages and disadvantages. Through your participation, the study will be able to make possible recommendations that will highlight the functions of personality questionnaire and the guidelines for its appropriate utilization. The following questions that you will read below pertain to your perception on the use of personality questionnaire in recruiting and appraising applicants or employees. Kindly encircle the number of your choice in answering this questionnaire. Please answer the questions as honestly as possible. Thank you very much for your cooperation. B. GUIDE QUESTION The specific guide question is relate from the CycleMar Caloocan Corp. The question is about the company’s Attendance Monitoring for Payroll System. Our guide question for CycleMar Caloocan Corporation is the following: †¢ Who is the Owner of the company? †¢ What was the History of the company? †¢ What is the Organizational Chart of the company? †¢ What is the existing system of the company? †¢ What is the problem about the existing system of the company? †¢ When the problem of the system happened? †¢ Where the problem happened? †¢ What is the process of their attendance monitoring and payroll system? †¢ Who are involved in the system? †¢ How many are the employees? †¢ How many departments are there in their company? †¢   What Is a Time and Attendance Tracking Method? Description of the proposed system Cyclemar Caloocan Corporation uses a Bundy clock to record the attendance monitoring of the employees. In this reason we are urged to create a computerized attendance monitoring with payroll system that will record the attendance of the employees’ time-in and time-out of every department for also the processing of the salary. Solutions to problems Create a computerized attendance monitoring with payroll system that record fast and accurate employees’ attendance. The manual system losses its data from the previous records so the proponents were urged to create a long term archive of data that will benefit the company in the future. Losses of materials is an everyday routine and cannot be eliminated but according to our research and own observations the losses that the company was getting for this past years can be minimize by creating a proper designation of materials to every staff, in that way each material can be properly monitored during a certain event. Context Diagram [pic] Data Flow Diagram [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] CHAPTER  V SYSTEM DESIGN SPECIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION A. Systems Design Models 1. Screen Layout USER LOGIN DTR (Daily Rime Record) Form Administator Form Add User Form (Administrator) Human Resource Home Form Human Resource Employee's Record Form Human Resource Logged Form Accounting Home Form Accounting Payroll Form Accounting Payroll Summary Form 2. Report Layout Organizational Directory B. Database Design 1. Table Description in Normalized Form |Table Name |Nos. f Fields |Description | |tbl_emp |8 |Employee's Informations | |tbl_logged |5 |Employee's Logged | |tbl_pay roll |10 |Payroll datas of employees | |tbl_total |5 |Total of Earnings, Deductions and Hours | |tbl_user |4 |User's Logged informations | 2. Table Relationships/Entity Relationship Diagram One to Many Relationship 3. Data Structure tbl_emp tbl_logged tbl_payroll tbl_total tbl_user 4. Data Dictionary Table Name: tbl_emp – Employee's Information |id_num |INTEGER |Unique number for each employee | |Lastname |VARCHAR(45) |Employee's Surname | |Fname VARCHAR(45) |Employee's Given Name | |MidName |VARCHAR(45) |Employee's Middle Name | |Gender |VARCHAR(10) |Employee's Gender | |Status |VARCHAR(20) |Employee's Status | |Position |VARCHAR(45) |Position of employee